{
 "slug": "cape-helles",
 "title": "Landing at Cape Helles (Gallipoli)",
 "status": "draft",
 "era": "1900–1918",
 "date_text": "25–26 April 1915",
 "start": "1915-04-25",
 "end": "1915-04-26",
 "war": "World War I",
 "cdb90_war": "WORLD WAR I (TURKISH FRONTS 1915)",
 "place": {
  "name": "Cape Helles and Sedd el Bahr (Seddülbahir), southern tip of the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey",
  "lat": 40.0431,
  "lon": 26.1753,
  "wikidata": "Q1754797"
 },
 "lede": "On 25–26 April 1915 the British 29th Division stormed five beaches at the tip of the Gallipoli peninsula. A few Ottoman companies held them to a narrow foothold at heavy cost, and the campaign's hopes of a quick advance were lost on the first day.",
 "result": "Ottoman tactical success: the British gained a foothold but not their first-day objectives",
 "result_cdb90": "draw",
 "belligerents": [
  {
   "role": "attacker",
   "name": "British Empire and France (Mediterranean Expeditionary Force: 29th Division with Royal Naval Division attachments; French diversion at Kum Kale)",
   "commanders": [
    "General Sir Ian Hamilton",
    "Major-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston",
    "Rear-Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": 21000,
    "low": null,
    "high": null,
    "source": "s1"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": null,
    "low": 2000,
    "high": null,
    "source": "s1"
   }
  },
  {
   "role": "defender",
   "name": "Ottoman Empire (Fifth Army: 9th Division, 26th Regiment, reinforced by the 25th Regiment)",
   "commanders": [
    "Marshal Otto Liman von Sanders",
    "Lieutenant-Colonel Halil (Khalil) Sami Bey",
    "Lieutenant-Colonel Kadri Bey",
    "Major Mahmut Sabri Bey"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": 4500,
    "low": null,
    "high": null,
    "source": "s1"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 1898,
    "low": null,
    "high": null,
    "source": "s2"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sections": {
  "background": "In March 1915 the Allied fleet had failed to force the Dardanelles by ships alone, and General Sir Ian Hamilton's Mediterranean Expeditionary Force was sent to take the Gallipoli peninsula so that the navy could get through the Straits. Hamilton decided to throw his main attack against the southern tip at Cape Helles, with the Kilid Bahr plateau, which overlooks the Narrows, as the ultimate objective. On the way stood Achi Baba, which the Turks used as their main observation post and artillery command point in the south.\n\nThe Ottoman Fifth Army under the German Marshal Liman von Sanders was spread to meet a landing anywhere. Two divisions stood at the Bulair isthmus, one held the Asiatic shore, the 19th Division waited in general reserve, and the 9th Division under Lieutenant-Colonel Halil Sami Bey guarded the whole coast from Suvla to Sedd el Bahr. Liman stressed mobility rather than rigid beach defence. British GHQ believed a full Turkish division lay south of Achi Baba; in fact there were only two battalions.\n\nThe navy refused a night landing because of the currents and confined waters, so the assault was made at first light on 25 April. The 29th Division took the Helles beaches. The Australian and New Zealand landing went in the same morning further north at what became Anzac, and a French regiment made a diversion at Kum Kale on the Asiatic shore.",
  "forces": "Major-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston's 29th Division was regular infantry, the only regular division in the expedition. Two Royal Naval Division battalions were attached: the Plymouth Battalion, Royal Marine Light Infantry, for Y Beach, and the Anson Battalion for working parties. That gave Hunter-Weston 12½ fighting battalions, 7½ in the covering force and five in the main body. Rear-Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss ran the naval side. Fire support came from battleships and cruisers, but their flat-trajectory guns firing armour-piercing shell were poor against trenches and field guns. The SS River Clyde, a converted collier with sally ports cut in her sides and machine guns in her bows, was to run aground at V Beach and pour about 2,000 men ashore.\n\nThe defence of the southern zone fell to the 26th Regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel Kadri Bey. Its 3rd Battalion, under Major Mahmut Sabri Bey, held the Sedd el Bahr sector: a company at W, a company with four Maxim guns at Sedd el Bahr covering V, a platoon at S and twelve men watching X. Only W and V were wired and covered by machine guns. The 25th Regiment and two field batteries were in divisional reserve at Serafim Farm on the Kilid Bahr plateau.",
  "course": "**Y and X Beaches, dawn.** The flank landings went in first. At Y, on the Aegean cliffs well north of the tip, the 1st King's Own Scottish Borderers, a company of the 2nd South Wales Borderers and the Plymouth Battalion, about 2,000 men, were ashore unopposed between 5.15 and 5.45 a.m. At X, guarded by twelve men, the 2nd Royal Fusiliers reached the cliff top with no casualties by 6.30 a.m.\n\n**W Beach.** The naval bombardment ran from 5 to 5.30 a.m. but did not cut the wire. At about 6 a.m. the 1st Lancashire Fusiliers rowed in under heavy rifle and machine-gun fire from one Ottoman company, cut through the belts of wire at the water's edge, and by 7.15 a.m. held a line under the cliffs. Six of them won the Victoria Cross, hailed in the press as \"six VCs before breakfast\", and the beach became Lancashire Landing. Brigadier-General Hare was wounded early. Hill 114 was taken by 11 a.m., linking with X, but Hill 138 was still in Turkish hands after 2 p.m., when the Worcestershires went up to help; the redoubts fell later, and the force did not push on to the second objective.\n\n**V Beach.** Here the River Clyde grounded at 6.22 a.m. Of about 700 Royal Dublin Fusiliers who came in by boat around 6.30, some 300 were killed and many more wounded; men drowned under their equipment. When the Munsters and Hampshires ran down the gangways from the collier they were cut down; the steam hopper meant to bridge the gap to the beach swung broadside. The survivors sheltered under a low sandbank. At 10.21 a.m. Hamilton suspended the landing at V and diverted the follow-up troops to W. Six more VCs went to sailors and naval division men at V, among them Commander Edward Unwin. The rest of the Clyde's troops got ashore only after dark.\n\n**S Beach.** Three companies of the 2nd South Wales Borderers landed at Morto Bay around 7.30 a.m., took de Tott's Battery for 63 casualties over two days, and then dug in as ordered.\n\n**Y Beach, the lost chance.** At 9.21 a.m. Hamilton asked Hunter-Weston whether he wanted more men landed at Y; Hunter-Weston, intent on the main beaches, declined. Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey Matthews walked inland towards Krithia without seeing a Turk, then pulled back to the cliff top. Command between Matthews and Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Koe was unclear, and little digging was done. At 1 p.m. Halil Sami sent a reserve battalion, a field battery and machine guns to drive the landing into the sea. Attacks began at 5.40 p.m. and came on all night; Koe was mortally wounded and Matthews' signals for reinforcement went unanswered. By dawn the Ottomans had drawn off, but amid confused orders the force re-embarked, the last men leaving by 11 a.m. on 26 April.\n\n**26 April: Sedd el Bahr.** Mahmut Sabri's men, reinforced by two more companies, held the village and old fort above V through the night. On the morning of the 26th Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Doughty-Wylie and Captain G. N. Walford led the survivors of V Beach forward; about 2.30 p.m. the castle on Hill 141 fell and Doughty-Wylie was killed at the summit, both men winning posthumous VCs. By 3 p.m. V Beach was secure. That afternoon the Ottoman line fell back towards Krithia under fire from the fleet.",
  "aftermath": "The British were ashore, but well short of their first-day objective of Achi Baba. The official historian judged the first day more favourable to the Turks than to the British: in the south Hamilton had 12½ battalions ashore by 1 p.m. against two, yet the defenders held their ground. Losses were severe on both sides. The Turkish official account admits 1,898 casualties south of Achi Baba in two days, about 400 per battalion engaged; the Dublins and Munsters were all but destroyed at V, and within a week the British had about 8,900 casualties. The French, who had taken Kum Kale for 778 casualties, re-embarked and landed on the British right on 27 April.\n\nOn 28 April Hunter-Weston attacked towards Krithia with about 14,000 tired men, poorly briefed, and was stopped short of the village with some 3,000 Allied casualties: the First Battle of Krithia. Helles became a trench stalemate until the British left from Lancashire Landing on 9 January 1916, the last troops off the peninsula.\n\nArgument centres on Y Beach, where 2,000 men outnumbered every Turk south of Achi Baba and were left idle, and on Hunter-Weston's grip of the battle from HMS Euryalus. Turkish memory honours Mahmut Sabri's battalion, whose defence of Seddülbahir is credited with lasting some 36 hours.",
  "wargaming": "Helles is a classic opposed-landing problem in miniature. Each beach is a self-contained scenario: V and W are frontal assaults against wire, a company of riflemen and a few machine guns, with naval gunfire that rarely hits what matters; S and X are quick, nearly bloodless lodgements; Y is a test of nerve with nobody to fight until dusk. Platoon- or company-level skirmish suits V or W, with boats arriving in waves and a hard time limit. For the whole landing, a battalion-level game on the area south of Achi Baba lets one player run all five beaches.\n\nThe interesting decisions are about command and information. The British player should not know the true Ottoman strength; GHQ believed a whole division lay south of Achi Baba. Y Beach is the great \"what if\": does Matthews march on Krithia or dig in, and does Hunter-Weston accept Hamilton's offer of more men at 9.21 a.m.? Model slow signals from the beach to the flagship. The Ottoman player, with tiny forces, must decide when to commit the reserve from Serafim Farm and where; Halil Sami's choice to send a battalion to Y at 1 p.m. is the key move. River Clyde rules, gangways as a killing zone and the hopper's failed bridge, make V Beach memorable. A night phase at Y, and a 26 April scenario for Sedd el Bahr and Hill 141, round out a campaign."
 },
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   "caption": "The landings at Cape Helles, 25 April 1915: Y, X, W, V and S Beaches around the tip of the peninsula.",
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   "credit": "Traced from Map No. 8 in Ch.11, Vol. I \"The Story of Anzac\" of the Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 by C.E.W. Bean (1st edition originally published in 1921). p. 237 (of the 11th edition)",
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  {
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   "caption": "V Beach seen from the River Clyde, with lighters and men sheltering under the bank.",
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   "artist": "British Official photographer Taken by Photographer Lt Wilfred Park RNVR (Photographic Section) accompanying 3rd WR Royal Navy Thomas McNamee.",
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   "artist": "Lt. C.N. Graham",
   "credit": "This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.",
   "width": 1035
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Lancashire_Fusiliers_boat_Gallipoli_May_1915.jpg",
   "kind": "photo",
   "caption": "Lancashire Fusiliers in a boat off Gallipoli, May 1915.",
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   "artist": "Ernest Brooks",
   "credit": "This photograph Q 13219 comes from the collections of the Imperial War Museums (collection no. 1900-61) (See also Australian War Memorial catalogue number G00207 for a later photograph in the sequence.)",
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   "caption": "Major-General Aylmer Hunter-Weston, commander of the 29th Division at the landing.",
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   "caption": "Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Doughty-Wylie, killed leading the capture of Sedd el Bahr on 26 April and awarded a posthumous VC.",
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   "credit": "http://thebertonandeastbridge.onesuffolk.net/history/history/charles-doughty-wylie/",
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   "caption": "A wartime Ottoman-side illustration of Turkish troops counter-attacking the British at Tekke Burnu (W Beach area), 25 April 1915.",
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   "artist": "Willy Stöwer",
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 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "s1",
   "title": "Landing at Cape Helles (Wikipedia)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_at_Cape_Helles",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s2",
   "title": "C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations: Gallipoli, Vol. I, Inception of the Campaign to May 1915 (British official history; Heinemann, 1929)",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.210687",
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s3",
   "title": "Dawn of the Legend: 25 April 1915, the British landings (Australian War Memorial)",
   "url": "https://www.awm.gov.au/visit/exhibitions/dawn/plan/british",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s4",
   "title": "The Gallipoli Campaign, Part IV: the first landings at Cape Helles and Y Beach (BritishBattles.com)",
   "url": "https://www.britishbattles.com/the-gallipoli-campaign-part-iv-the-first-landings-at-cape-helles-and-y-beach-on-25th-april-1915",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s5",
   "title": "Y Beach, Gallipoli: cliff assault (Royal Marines History)",
   "url": "https://royalmarineshistory.com/post/y-beach-gallipoli-cliff-assault",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s6",
   "title": "Binbaşı Mahmut Sabri Bey (Kure Ansiklopedi, Turkish)",
   "url": "https://kureansiklopedi.com/tr/detay/binbasi-mahmut-sabri-bey-f7d49",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s7",
   "title": "Gallipoli (National Records of Scotland)",
   "url": "https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/first-world-war/gallipoli-28-june-1915",
   "kind": "web"
  }
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    "title": "New Zealanders at Gallipoli",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Fred Waite",
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 "reading_lwtv": {
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 "photos": [
  {
   "file": "File:Ottoman prisoners at Sedd el Bahr May 1915 IWM Q 1322.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ottoman_prisoners_at_Sedd_el_Bahr_May_1915_IWM_Q_1322.jpg/500px-Ottoman_prisoners_at_Sedd_el_Bahr_May_1915_IWM_Q_1322.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ottoman_prisoners_at_Sedd_el_Bahr_May_1915_IWM_Q_1322.jpg",
   "caption": "IWM caption : THE GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN, APRIL 1915-JANUARY 1916. Turkish prisoners captured during the landings at Gallipoli seen in the courtyard of the old fort at Sedd el Bahr, Cape Helles, Turkey",
   "year": 1915,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Ernest Brooks",
   "collection": "IWM"
  },
  {
   "file": "File:'A remarkable view of V. Beach, taken from the S.S. RIVER CLYDE'.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%27A_remarkable_view_of_V._Beach%2C_taken_from_the_S.S._RIVER_CLYDE%27.jpg/500px-%27A_remarkable_view_of_V._Beach%2C_taken_from_the_S.S._RIVER_CLYDE%27.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%27A_remarkable_view_of_V._Beach,_taken_from_the_S.S._RIVER_CLYDE%27.jpg",
   "caption": "'A remarkable view of V. Beach, taken from the S.S. RIVER CLYDE' reads a contemporary caption from the papers of Gen Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton from Official photographs from the Dardanelles expedition, 1915-1916 (Ref: HAMILTON 7/12/1)",
   "year": 1915,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "British Official photographer Taken by Photographer Lt Wilfred Park RNVR (Photographic Section) accompanying 3rd WR Roya",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Dardanelles - Turkish troops throw the English who landed at Teke Burnu back into the sea in a bayonet fight, 25 April 1915.png",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Dardanelles_-_Turkish_troops_throw_the_English_who_landed_at_Teke_Burnu_back_into_the_sea_in_a_bayonet_fight%2C_25_April_1915.png/500px-Dardanelles_-_Turkish_troops_throw_the_English_who_landed_at_Teke_Burnu_back_into_the_sea_in_a_bayonet_fight%2C_25_April_1915.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dardanelles_-_Turkish_troops_throw_the_English_who_landed_at_Teke_Burnu_back_into_the_sea_in_a_bayonet_fight,_25_April_1915.png",
   "caption": "Dardanelles - Turkish troops throw the English who landed at Teke Burnu back into the sea in a bayonet fight, 25 April 1915",
   "year": 1915,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Willy Stöwer",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Sedd-el-Bahr from River Clyde.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sedd-el-Bahr_from_River_Clyde.jpg/500px-Sedd-el-Bahr_from_River_Clyde.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sedd-el-Bahr_from_River_Clyde.jpg",
   "caption": "Sedd-el-Bahr fort and village seen from the SS River Clyde , 25 April 1915, during the landing at Cape Helles, Battle of Gallipoli . The lighter in the foreground contains dead from the Royal Munster Fusiliers and The Hampshire Regiment who were killed while attempting to get ashore",
   "year": 1915,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Lt. C.N. Graham",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Sergeant Alfred Richards VC, Lancashire Fusiliers.png",
   "thumb": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Sergeant_Alfred_Richards_VC%2C_Lancashire_Fusiliers.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sergeant_Alfred_Richards_VC,_Lancashire_Fusiliers.png",
   "caption": "Gallaher Ltd cigarette card, 'Victoria Cross Heroes' series 3, 1916",
   "year": 1916,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Gallaher Ltd",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:V Beach Helles Gallipoli.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/V_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg/500px-V_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V_Beach_Helles_Gallipoli.jpg",
   "caption": "V Beach at Cape Helles, Gallipoli, 6 May 1915. View is from the bow of the collier SS River Clyde",
   "year": 1915,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "British Official photographer Taken by Photographer Lt Wilfred Park RNVR (Photographic Section) accompanying 3rd WR Roya",
   "collection": null
  }
 ],
 "photos_kind": "photographs",
 "newspapers": {
  "slug": "cape-helles",
  "query": "Dardanelles",
  "from": "1915-04-25",
  "to": "1915-05-10",
  "total": 1663,
  "rights": "Library of Congress, Chronicling America: newspapers published before 1931, in the public domain. Text machine-read from the scanned page.",
  "pages": [
   {
    "date": "1915-04-27",
    "paper": "New-York tribune (New York [N.Y.])",
    "place": "New York, New York",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030214/1915-04-27/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "ALLIED ARMIES MOVE ON FORTS IN [[tag]]DARDANELLES[[/tag]] Troops Landed on /Egean Side of Gallipoli Penin sula Under Fire. FLEET BOMBARDS AS COLUMN ADVANCES London Report Says Kitchener's New Army of 200.000 Will Share in New Attack. 'H a',I? Tlii- T Loadea, April 10. The Allies have now landed an army on the ?Egean shore of the Gallipoli peninsula, the opposite side of which forms one edge of the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] Straits, under heavy fire from Turkish entrenchments. This fore already has bej?un its ad? vance ai*.'iin?t the temporary fortifica? tions separating it from the strong? holds on the straits, which the? **uns of the allied fleet have been battering for weeks, while the warahipa have attain begun ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-04-28",
    "paper": "The hattiesburg news (hattiesburg, miss.)",
    "place": "Hattiesburg, Mississippi",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn87065167/1915-04-28/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... FLANDER8, THE CARPATHIANS AND THE [[tag]]DARDANELLES[[/tag]], ARMIES CLASH. BERLIN REPORTS THAT A FRENCH SHIP IS SUNK German Attempt to Turn the Left Flank of British Along the Ypres, Pails Allies Have Succeeded in Landing Troops in the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]], Although Some Have Been Driven To Their Boats. (By Associated Press.) London, April 28.—Military op erations of a critical Importance are taking place in Flanders, the Carpathians, and the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] Straits today, and three distinet fields of action are underway. Added to this is the news receiv ed by the Overseas Agency in Ber lin that the French armored crui*. er Leon Gambetta has been tor pedoed by an Austrian submarine. A part of the crew was ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-04-30",
    "paper": "The Daytona daily news (Daytona, Fla.)",
    "place": "Daytona Beach, Florida",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn93063916/1915-04-30/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... ALLIES LAND FORCES IN THE [[tag]]DARDANELLES[[/tag]] REGION ARE PROGRESSING STEADILY, HAVING DRIVEN THE TURKS BACK FOR A CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE. IT IS REPORTED THAT THE FRENCH AND BRITISH TROOPS HAVE AD VANCED FROM THREE TO TEN MILES, MEANWHILE CAPTURING AP PROXIMATELY 10,000 OF THE ENEMY'S MEN. WARSHIPS ARE FURIOUSLY BOMBARDING THE INNER FORTS OP THE [[tag]]DARDANELLES[[/tag]]. FIFTY VESSELS ARE RAINING SHELLS ON THE FORTS DEFENDING THE SOUTHERN NARROWS OF THE 8TRAIT. FIVE LANDINGS HAVE BEEN EFFECTED. Onlj chCd of Speaker Champ Clark Is to marry James M. Thomson, pub Usher of the New Orleans News-Item. In June. Lft'N. mm E TO TfllE SEA CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL SO (Official). FORTY ANGLO-FRENCH WARSHIPS HAVE BEEN BOMBARDING THE SEDELBAHR FORTS ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-04-30",
    "paper": "The Democratic banner (Mt. Vernon, Ohio)",
    "place": "Mount Vernon, Ohio",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn88078751/1915-04-30/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... and Sea Attack Upon the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]]. OVERCOME EVERY OBSTACLE Turkish Forces Combating Every Foot of Ground With Furious Obstinacy. Anglo-French Soldiers Now Have Firm Foothold on Sultan'c Soil. Turkish Stronghold Reported Iso lated by the British Force. London, April 29. The allies have made progress in their land and sea attack upon the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] the gateway to Constantinople. Already the British troops have thrown a line across the southern extremity of the Galllpoll peninsula from the Aegean coast to a point northeast of Kski HIssarlik, a strongly fortified position facing the straits, thus Isolating the Turkish stronghold at Sedd El Be\"Jr, at the ery lips ot the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]]. This has been done, says the Brit ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-05-01",
    "paper": "Alexandria gazette (Alexandria, D.C.)",
    "place": "Alexandria, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025007/1915-05-01/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... that the advance alone the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] has begun, the main Iritisli army'sweeping up the European side while the co-operating j French force is advancing along the] Asiatic side from Kum Kaleh. London, May 1?After serious fight-} ng, in which the Turks offered n J stubborn resistance British troops,; according to an official statement Is ?ued last night, have established hemselves on the Gallipoii Peninsula and advanced a considerable distance toward the narrows of the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]]. while the French have deared Cape Kum Kaleh. on the Asiatic side of the Straits of Turks. Thus it may be said that the second and most serious attempt to force the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] has been fairly launched. The Turks, under ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-05-05",
    "paper": "The Manning times (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.)",
    "place": "Manning, South Carolina",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn86063760/1915-05-05/ed-1/?sp=4",
    "snippet": "... BRITISH TURN ATTENTION TO THE [[tag]]DARDANELLES[[/tag]]. Battle Near Ypres Continues-Rus sian Offensive in Carpathian Fleet Makes Progress upon Forts. Military operations of critical im portance no'w are under way in three distinct fields of action. In Flanders the Germans once more are engaged in a struggle f r mastery of the territory near 'he Yser canal, where several months ago there occurred what was perhaps the most terrible struggle- of the war thus far. In the Carpathians the Russians again are assuming the offensive in so inother effort to push over the moun ain barrier into Hungary. e At the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] the allies have ca ucceeeded in landing troops on both is1 ides of the ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-05-06",
    "paper": "The Nezperce herald (Nezperce, Idaho)",
    "place": "Nezperce, Idaho",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn89055082/1915-05-06/ed-1/?sp=4",
    "snippet": "... campaign in the east. The [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] is the central point of interest. The British and French landing forces, according to the brief reports from the British war office, have succeeded in securing firm foothold on the Gallipoli penin sula and on the Asiatic side of the strait. These expeditionary forces are said in some quarters to number 80,000. Saturday—The allies' attack on the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]], both by land and by sea, apparently has begun in earnest. Having landed successfully at six different places on the Gallipoli pen insula, the British and Australasian troops are declared by the British war office to have entrenched and consolidated their positions on a line extending from the southern extrem ity ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-05-08",
    "paper": "The broad ax (Salt Lake City, Utah;Chicago, Ill.)",
    "place": "Chicago, Illinois",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024055/1915-05-08/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "... mined, and vessels forcing the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] would be compelled to force the strait to make an opening from the waters of the Grecian archi pelago or of the Aegean sea to the Black sea and to lay slego to Constantinople on the European side and the twin city of Scutari on the Asiatic side. The entrance of the allied British and French fleets Into the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] reopened the long disputed question of the relative strength of fleets and forti fications. The allies evidently expect ed to settle this question earlier, and considerable criticism has been aimed at Winston Churchill, first lord of the admiralty, by the London press for the conduct of the [[tag]]Dardanelles[[/tag]] operations. ..."
   }
  ]
 }
}