{
 "slug": "jena-auerstedt",
 "title": "Battles of Jena and Auerstedt",
 "status": "draft",
 "era": "1775–1815",
 "date_text": "14 October 1806",
 "start": "1806-10-14",
 "end": "1806-10-14",
 "war": "Napoleonic Wars",
 "cdb90_war": "THE NAPOLEONIC WARS",
 "place": {
  "name": "Jena (Thuringia) and Auerstedt–Hassenhausen (Saxony-Anhalt), Germany",
  "lat": 50.9272,
  "lon": 11.5861,
  "wikidata": "Q154426"
 },
 "lede": "On 14 October 1806 Napoleon routed Hohenlohe's Prussians and Saxons at Jena, thinking them the main army, while 13 miles north Davout's single corps beat the real main army at Auerstedt. In one day Prussia's army was broken.",
 "result": "Decisive French victory on both fields; the Prussian army was destroyed in the pursuit",
 "result_cdb90": "attacker win",
 "belligerents": [
  {
   "role": "attacker",
   "name": "French Grande Armée: Napoleon's main body at Jena and Davout's III Corps at Auerstedt",
   "commanders": [
    "Napoleon I",
    "Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout",
    "Marshal Jean Lannes",
    "Marshal Nicolas Soult",
    "Marshal Charles-Pierre Augereau",
    "Marshal Michel Ney",
    "Marshal Joachim Murat"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": 122000,
    "low": 66000,
    "high": 125000,
    "source": "s2"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 12600,
    "low": 12000,
    "high": 13600,
    "source": "s1"
   }
  },
  {
   "role": "defender",
   "name": "Prussian and Saxon armies: Hohenlohe and Rüchel at Jena, the main army under Brunswick and Frederick William III at Auerstedt",
   "commanders": [
    "Prince Friedrich Ludwig of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen",
    "General Ernst von Rüchel",
    "Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick",
    "King Frederick William III",
    "Field Marshal Friedrich Adolf von Kalckreuth",
    "General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": 102800,
    "low": 102800,
    "high": 117000,
    "source": "s2"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 41000,
    "low": 38000,
    "high": 45000,
    "source": "s1"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sections": {
  "background": "In 1806 a war party at the Prussian court, led by Queen Luise and Prince Louis Ferdinand, pushed Frederick William III into confrontation with Napoleon. On 26 August Berlin demanded that French troops withdraw beyond the Rhine by 8 October, and on 9 October Prussia declared war, with Saxony as its ally in the field.\n\nNapoleon moved first. His Grande Armée, some 160,000–180,000 strong, was already in southern Germany. Rather than force the Thuringian Forest, he marched through the narrower Franconian Forest to the east in three columns on three good roads, to turn the Prussian left and get between the enemy and Berlin. The Prussians, about 130,000 of their own troops and 20,000 Saxons, were split into three armies under the Duke of Brunswick, Prince Hohenlohe and Rüchel, and their commanders had argued over five plans without settling on any. On 9 October Bernadotte drove Tauentzien out of Schleiz, and on 10 October Lannes overwhelmed Prince Louis Ferdinand's advance guard at Saalfeld; the prince was cut down by a quartermaster of the 10th Hussars.\n\nWith their flank turned, the Prussians decided that the main army would march from Weimar on the 13th, down the left bank of the Ilm towards the Unstrut, to join the reserve coming from Halle, while Hohenlohe and Rüchel covered the march. Davout had already taken Naumburg and its magazines. On the afternoon of the 13th Lannes seized the Landgrafenberg above Jena, and Napoleon, seeing Hohenlohe's camps on the plateau beyond, assumed he had the whole Prussian army in front of him. He ordered a battle for the 14th and sent Davout and Bernadotte to come down on its left and rear at Apolda. The main army was in fact marching straight across Davout's path.",
  "forces": "The Prussian infantry was brave and well drilled, and its cavalry was reckoned better than the French. But its doctrine had hardly changed in fifty years: its musket was poor, its wagon trains were slow and it relied on rigid linear tactics. Its leaders were old (Brunswick was 71, Field Marshal Möllendorf 82), and the duties of chief of staff were split between Phull, Scharnhorst and Massenbach. At Jena Prussian battalions halted to form line and fire volleys by the book, within range of French skirmishers they could barely hurt.\n\nThe Grande Armée of 1806 has been judged among the best-trained and most integrated forces Napoleon ever led. Its corps system let Napoleon feed corps into a battle as they arrived, and its infantry attacked behind dense swarms of skirmishers. At Jena Napoleon had the corps of Lannes, Augereau, Soult and Ney, the Guard and Murat's reserve cavalry: about 25,500 men at dawn, 55,000 by 09:00–10:00, nearly 80,000 by noon and 96,000 soon after.\n\nAt Auerstedt Davout's III Corps, with the divisions of Gudin, Friant and Morand, numbered about 26,000, but had only 1,300–1,400 cavalry in three regiments of chasseurs and 44 guns. The main Prussian army facing it had 49,800 men and 230 guns by the Prussian staff count (others give about 64,000). Davout's corps was known for its iron discipline, and he himself for a quick eye for ground.",
  "course": "**Jena (CDB90 engagement 118, JENA).** Before dawn a thick mist came down on the plateau. Lannes' corps and the Guard were crammed onto the Landgrafenberg and needed room to deploy. At about 06:00 Tauentzien's guns opened as he advanced, and Lannes went forward behind his skirmishers. In the fog Suchet's division drifted right towards Closewitz, opening a gap that Napoleon filled with a 25-gun battery. By about 07:30 Suchet had taken the Closewitz woods and village and Gazan had taken Lützeroda, while Saint-Hilaire's division of Soult's corps climbed from the Saale on the right and Augereau's came up through Cospeda on the left. Tauentzien fell back at about 08:30.\n\nHohenlohe, at Capellendorf, was slow to believe the attack mattered. Holtzendorf's detachment, coming from above Dornburg, tried to strike the French right around 10:00; Saint-Hilaire and Soult's light cavalry drove it off, and it took no further part in the battle. Ney, with an advance guard of under 4,000, pushed into the line near Vierzehnheiligen without orders and was caught by Prussian cavalry and guns; his men formed square, Lannes was sent to help and the Guard held the centre. Soon after 11:00 the French took Vierzehnheiligen.\n\nGrawert's Prussian infantry then formed up in front of the village as if on parade and stood there for nearly two hours, shot down by skirmishers in the gardens and behind walls. Around noon Augereau's division under Desjardins cleared the Isserstadt wood and village, cutting the Saxons off from Hohenlohe's centre, while Saint-Hilaire worked round the Prussian left. About 13:00 Napoleon ordered a general advance, and by 14:00 the line from Isserstadt to beyond Vierzehnheiligen had dissolved, with Murat's cavalry loose among the fugitives.\n\nOnly now did Rüchel's 15,000 arrive from Weimar, after taking four hours to march six miles. Climbing in echelons from Capellendorf towards Gross Romstedt, they were broken in about half an hour by massed French guns and infantry, and Rüchel was badly wounded. Surrounded near the Schnecke, the Saxon infantry surrendered to Murat after 15:00, some 6,000 men. A last stand outside Weimar about 16:00 failed.\n\n**Auerstedt (CDB90 engagement 119, AUERSTADT).** Thirteen miles to the north, the main Prussian army had camped around Auerstedt without seizing the defile at Kösen, which Davout held overnight. Gudin's division crossed the Kösen bridge before dawn and marched west across the open plateau. At about 07:00, in fog near Pöppel, Davout's scouts ran into Blücher's advance guard. Gudin deployed at Hassenhausen, whose orchards and sunken road made a ready-made strongpoint.\n\nAt about 08:00 Blücher, with some 1,150 cuirassiers, dragoons and hussars, charged Gudin's squares and was repulsed; by 08:30 his cavalry had fled. Schmettau's division waited in front of Pöppel for Wartensleben, delayed at Auerstedt's single bridge, who came up on its right about 09:00. Friant's division arrived on Gudin's right and took Spielberg. Shortly before 10:00 Brunswick ordered a full assault on Hassenhausen, and around 10:00 he was shot through the eyes; Schmettau was mortally wounded. The Prussian command broke down. The King split the arriving division of the Prince of Orange between both flanks, while Gudin, his left forced back to the road, clung to the village.\n\nMorand's division then came up the road and attacked south of Hassenhausen, beating off uncoordinated charges by Prince William's cavalry in square and taking the Sonnenberg, from which its guns enfiladed the Prussian right. Friant pushed through Pöppel on the other flank. Davout counter-attacked about 11:00, and by 12:30 the Prussians were falling back. Kalckreuth's reserve covered the retreat behind the Lissbach and then near Eckartsberga, until Friant's division and a picked force of 400 drove it off, taking twenty guns. By 16:30 Davout's exhausted infantry had stopped at Eckartsberga; only his chasseurs pursued, to Buttstädt.",
  "aftermath": "Prussian losses can only be estimated, since those of the battle are mixed with those of the retreat: perhaps 25,000–27,000 at Jena, 15,000 of them prisoners, and 13,000–18,000 at Auerstedt, with about 150 guns at Jena and, by Davout's count, 115 at Auerstedt. Davout lost over 7,000, more than a quarter of his corps; Napoleon's battle cost perhaps 5,000–6,500.\n\nThe pursuit finished the work. Erfurt capitulated on 16 October; Bernadotte beat the Prussian reserve at Halle on the 17th; Davout's corps was given the honour of entering Berlin first; Hohenlohe surrendered after Prenzlau on 28 October and Blücher at Lübeck on 7 November. Brunswick died of his wound on 10 November. The war went on against Russia until Tilsit in July 1807, and Prussia did not take the field against Napoleon again until 1813.\n\nNapoleon at first refused to believe that one corps had beaten the main army, replying to the first report that his marshal 'must be seeing double'. He then praised Davout and made him Duke of Auerstedt, though his bulletins counted the two battles as a single victory at Jena. Bernadotte's absence from both fields is still argued over. Petre saw only jealousy; others note that no order requiring him to march with Davout was ever found, and that Napoleon may have been shifting blame. Defeat drove the reforms of Scharnhorst, Gneisenau and Clausewitz, all present. Paris has its Pont d'Iéna; the Brunswick monument stands between Taugwitz and Hassenhausen, and Cospeda has a museum of the battle.",
  "wargaming": "The same day gives two quite different games, linked by a decision neither commander knew he was making.\n\nJena is a large game, best at brigade or divisional level with turns of 30–60 minutes. Its heart is the French arrival schedule: about 25,500 men at dawn, 55,000 by mid-morning, 96,000 by early afternoon. The Prussian player starts with a local chance and watches it shrink. Key terrain is the cramped exit from the Landgrafenberg, the Closewitz woods, Vierzehnheiligen and the Isserstadt wood. Fog rules matter for the first two hours. Rüchel's arrival time and Holtzendorf's detached force are the obvious variables, along with whether Hohenlohe should fight at all or simply screen Brunswick's march.\n\nAuerstedt is the better balanced game and suits battalion or regimental level with 15–20 minute turns. Both armies arrive piecemeal: Gudin first, then Friant and Morand down a single road from Kösen, and the Prussian divisions one by one through Auerstedt's bottleneck. Hassenhausen is the pivot; Spielberg and the Sonnenberg are the horns that let the French enfilade the line. Brunswick's wound at about 10:00 suits a variable event that paralyses Prussian command. The what-ifs are rich: Prussians holding the Kösen defile overnight, Kalckreuth's reserve committed early, or Bernadotte marching with Davout, which Petre thought would have given the French a slight superiority instead of being outnumbered two to one."
 },
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Map01.jpg",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "The Jena–Auerstedt campaign, 10–14 October 1806: the French advance through the Franconian Forest and the march to the two battlefields.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map01.jpg/960px-Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map01.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map01.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "",
   "credit": "http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/napoleon/napoleon",
   "width": 1295
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Map02.jpg",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "The situation at about 10:00 on 14 October 1806 at Jena and Auerstedt.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map02.jpg/960px-Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map02.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "",
   "credit": "",
   "width": 1256
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt - Map03.jpg",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "The situation at about 14:00 on 14 October 1806, as the Prussian armies broke on both fields.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map03.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map03.jpg/960px-Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map03.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_-_Map03.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "",
   "credit": "",
   "width": 1256
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Iena.jpg",
   "kind": "painting",
   "caption": "The Battle of Jena, by Horace Vernet, 1836.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Iena.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Iena.jpg/960px-Iena.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iena.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Horace Vernet",
   "credit": "L’Histoire par l’image [2] , digital version produced by Agence photographique de la Réunion des musées nationaux [3]",
   "width": 1955
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Chartier-Murat at Jena.jpg",
   "kind": "illustration",
   "caption": "Murat leads a cavalry charge at Jena, by Henri-Georges Chartier.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Chartier-Murat_at_Jena.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chartier-Murat_at_Jena.jpg/960px-Chartier-Murat_at_Jena.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chartier-Murat_at_Jena.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Henri-Georges Chartier",
   "credit": "Life of Napoleon Bonaparte by William M. Sloane. New York: Century, vol. 2",
   "width": 1024
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Doppelschlacht bei Jena und Auerstadt.jpg",
   "kind": "painting",
   "caption": "Prussian wounded and stragglers after the double battle, by Richard Knötel, 1895; the blinded Duke of Brunswick is the central figure.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Doppelschlacht_bei_Jena_und_Auerstadt.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Doppelschlacht_bei_Jena_und_Auerstadt.jpg/960px-Doppelschlacht_bei_Jena_und_Auerstadt.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doppelschlacht_bei_Jena_und_Auerstadt.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Richard Knötel",
   "credit": "http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/prussian_troops_after_jena_auerstadt.jpg",
   "width": 1957
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Louis nicolas davout.jpg",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout, after Pierre-Claude Gautherot.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Louis_nicolas_davout.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Louis_nicolas_davout.jpg/960px-Louis_nicolas_davout.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_nicolas_davout.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "After Pierre-Claude Gautherot / Tito Marzocchi de Bellucci",
   "credit": "http://perso.club-internet.fr/ameliefr/E-Davout.html",
   "width": 1275
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Ziesenis - Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick - SPSG.png",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, by Johann Georg Ziesenis.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Ziesenis_-_Charles_William_Ferdinand_of_Brunswick_-_SPSG.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ziesenis_-_Charles_William_Ferdinand_of_Brunswick_-_SPSG.png/960px-Ziesenis_-_Charles_William_Ferdinand_of_Brunswick_-_SPSG.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ziesenis_-_Charles_William_Ferdinand_of_Brunswick_-_SPSG.png",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Johann Georg Ziesenis",
   "credit": "https://recs.hypotheses.org/4593 (Foto: Wolfgang Pfauder)",
   "width": 2454
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "s1",
   "title": "Battle of Jena–Auerstedt (Wikipedia)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jena%E2%80%93Auerstedt",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s2",
   "title": "F. Loraine Petre, Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia 1806 (John Lane, 1907; 1914 printing, digitised at the Internet Archive)",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/napoleonsconque00petrgoog",
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s3",
   "title": "Sophie Roques and Irène Delage, 'Iéna – Auerstedt 14 octobre 1806' (Fondation Napoléon, napoleon.org, 2006, updated 2025)",
   "url": "https://www.napoleon.org/magazine/itineraires/iena-auerstedt-14-octobre-1806/",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s4",
   "title": "Harrison W. Mark, 'Battles of Jena and Auerstedt' (World History Encyclopedia, 2023)",
   "url": "https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2256/battles-of-jena-and-auerstedt/",
   "kind": "article"
  },
  {
   "id": "s5",
   "title": "David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon (Macmillan/Scribner, 1966)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s6",
   "title": "Gaston Bodart, Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905) (Stern, 1908)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s7",
   "title": "Owen Connelly, Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns, 3rd edn (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s8",
   "title": "Micheal Clodfelter, Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th edn (McFarland, 2017)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  }
 ],
 "cdb90": [
  118,
  119
 ],
 "order": 59,
 "url": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/jena-auerstedt/",
 "oob": [],
 "oob_lwtv": [],
 "scenarios": [],
 "orbat": null,
 "orbat_lwtv": null,
 "reading": {
  "prose": [
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:2401",
    "title": "The Memoirs of General Baron de Marbot",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Jean-Baptiste-Antoine-Marcelin, baron de Marbot",
    "life": "1782–1854",
    "year": null,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2401",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 8,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/the-memoirs-of-general-baron-de-marbot-04f2fc/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:3567",
    "title": "Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte — Complete",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne",
    "life": "1769–1834",
    "year": null,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3567",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 7,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/memoirs-of-napoleon-bonaparte-complete-350e85/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:37499",
    "title": "Napoleon's Letters to Josephine, 1796-1812",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Napoleon I, Emperor of the French",
    "life": "1769–1821",
    "year": null,
    "kind": "letters",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37499",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 6,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/napoleon-s-letters-to-josephine-1796-1812-6278b0/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:passagesfrommyl00mfgoog",
    "title": "Passages from my life",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Friedrich Karl Ferdinand, freiherr von Müffling",
    "life": "1775–1851",
    "year": 1853,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/passagesfrommyl00mfgoog",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 3,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/passages-from-my-life-bd88b6/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:18113",
    "title": "History of the Expedition to Russia Undertaken by the Emperor Napoleon in the Year 1812",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Philippe-Paul, comte de Ségur",
    "life": "1780–1873",
    "year": null,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18113",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 3,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/history-of-the-expedition-to-russia-undertaken-by-the-empero-de6140/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:inkingsgermanle00omptgoog",
    "title": "In the King's German legion. Memoirs of Baron Ompteda, colonel in the King's German legion during the Napoleonic wars",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Christian, Freiherr von Ompteda",
    "life": "1765–1815",
    "year": 1894,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/inkingsgermanle00omptgoog",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 2,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/in-the-king-s-german-legion-memoirs-of-baron-ompteda-colonel-bb0b6c/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:memoirsofwarinsp01suchiala",
    "title": "Memoirs of the war in Spain, from 1808 to 1814",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Louis-Gabriel Suchet",
    "life": "1770–1826",
    "year": 1829,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/memoirsofwarinsp01suchiala",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/memoirs-of-the-war-in-spain-from-1808-to-1814-7dc292/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:59489",
    "title": "Memoirs of Sergeant Bourgogne, 1812-1813",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Adrien-Jean-Baptiste-François Bourgogne",
    "life": "1785–1867",
    "year": 1899,
    "kind": "memoir",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/59489",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/memoirs-of-sergeant-bourgogne-1812-1813-5fcc25/"
   }
  ],
  "history": [
   {
    "work_id": "ia:napoleonhistoryo02dodg_2",
    "title": "Napoleon, a History of the Art of War, vol. 2",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Theodore Ayrault Dodge",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1904,
    "kind": "history",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/napoleonhistoryo02dodg_2",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 32,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/napoleon-a-history-of-the-art-of-war-vol-2-4f69f1/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:napoleonsconque00petrgoog",
    "title": "Napoleon's Conquest of Prussia, 1806",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Francis Loraine Petre",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1914,
    "kind": "history",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/napoleonsconque00petrgoog",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 31,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/napoleon-s-conquest-of-prussia-1806-e44384/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:lifenapoleontrw02jomigoog",
    "title": "Life of Napoleon, vol. 2",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Antoine Henri Jomini",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1864,
    "kind": "history",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/lifenapoleontrw02jomigoog",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 9,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/life-of-napoleon-vol-2-144287/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:campagnedepruss01foucgoog",
    "title": "Campagne de Prusse (1806), vol. 1",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Paul Jean Foucart",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1887,
    "kind": "official history",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/campagnedepruss01foucgoog",
    "language": "fre",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 0,
    "official": true,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/campagne-de-prusse-1806-vol-1-efc806/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "ia:napoleonscampaig00petruoft",
    "title": "Napoleon's Campaign in Poland, 1806-7",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Francis Loraine Petre",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1901,
    "kind": "history",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/napoleonscampaig00petruoft",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 3,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/napoleon-s-campaign-in-poland-1806-7-2d0cf9/"
   }
  ],
  "fiction": [
   {
    "work_id": "ia:myearlyadventure00bunb",
    "title": "My early adventure during the peninsular campaigns of Napoleon",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Selina Bunbury",
    "life": "1802–1882",
    "year": 1834,
    "kind": "novel",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/myearlyadventure00bunb",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": true,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/my-early-adventure-during-the-peninsular-campaigns-of-napole-8436a5/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:3693",
    "title": "Louisa of Prussia and Her Times",
    "in": null,
    "author": "L. Mühlbach",
    "life": "1814–1873",
    "year": null,
    "kind": "novel",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3693",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/louisa-of-prussia-and-her-times-07e8e7/"
   }
  ],
  "poetry": [
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:de:Meister Hummel in Jena",
    "title": "Meister Hummel in Jena",
    "in": null,
    "author": null,
    "life": null,
    "year": null,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Meister_Hummel_in_Jena",
    "language": "de",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": true,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/meister-hummel-in-jena-c43553/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:de:Aus den Zeiten der schweren Noth/Familien-Erinnerung an die Tage der Schlacht bei Jena",
    "title": "Familien-Erinnerung an die Tage der Schlacht bei Jena",
    "in": "Aus den Zeiten der schweren Noth",
    "author": null,
    "life": null,
    "year": null,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Aus_den_Zeiten_der_schweren_Noth/Familien-Erinnerung_an_die_Tage_der_Schlacht_bei_Jena",
    "language": "de",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": true,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/familien-erinnerung-an-die-tage-der-schlacht-bei-jena-d293f0/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:de:Die 75jährige Jubiläumsfeier der deutschen Burschenschaft in Jena",
    "title": "Die 75jährige Jubiläumsfeier der deutschen Burschenschaft in Jena",
    "in": null,
    "author": null,
    "life": null,
    "year": null,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Die_75j%C3%A4hrige_Jubil%C3%A4umsfeier_der_deutschen_Burschenschaft_in_Jena",
    "language": "de",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": true,
    "references": 0,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/die-75jahrige-jubilaumsfeier-der-deutschen-burschenschaft-in-a17563/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:de:Jena (Meyer’s Universum)",
    "title": "Jena (Meyer’s Universum)",
    "in": null,
    "author": null,
    "life": null,
    "year": null,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Jena_%28Meyer%E2%80%99s_Universum%29",
    "language": "de",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": true,
    "references": 0,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/jena-meyers-universum-e3de83/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:de:Der deutschen Burschenschaft Denkmalfest in Jena",
    "title": "Der deutschen Burschenschaft Denkmalfest in Jena",
    "in": null,
    "author": null,
    "life": null,
    "year": null,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Der_deutschen_Burschenschaft_Denkmalfest_in_Jena",
    "language": "de",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": true,
    "references": 0,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/der-deutschen-burschenschaft-denkmalfest-in-jena-22c951/"
   }
  ]
 },
 "reading_lwtv": {
  "prose": [],
  "poetry": []
 },
 "photos": [
  {
   "file": "File:Bataille d'Iéna, 14 octobre 1806, ND2834(2).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Bataille_d%27I%C3%A9na%2C_14_octobre_1806%2C_ND2834%282%29.jpg/500px-Bataille_d%27I%C3%A9na%2C_14_octobre_1806%2C_ND2834%282%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bataille_d%27I%C3%A9na,_14_octobre_1806,_ND2834(2).jpg",
   "caption": "Auteur(s): Andrieu, Bertrand ou Jean-Bertrand (Bordeaux, 04–11–1761 - Paris, 10–12–1822), graveur en médailles - Médailleur Galle, André (Saint-Etienne, 27–05–1761 - Paris, 21–12–1844), graveur en médailles - Médailleur Date de production: En 1806 Type(s) d'objet(s): Numismatique Dénomination(s): Mé",
   "year": 1806,
   "licence": "CC0",
   "artist": "Andrieu, Bertrand ou Jean-Bertrand (Bordeaux, 04–11–1761 - Paris, 10–12–1822), graveur en médailles - Médailleur",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Bataille d'Iéna, 14 octobre 1806, ND3003(2).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bataille_d%27I%C3%A9na%2C_14_octobre_1806%2C_ND3003%282%29.jpg/500px-Bataille_d%27I%C3%A9na%2C_14_octobre_1806%2C_ND3003%282%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bataille_d%27I%C3%A9na,_14_octobre_1806,_ND3003(2).jpg",
   "caption": "Auteur(s): Andrieu, Bertrand ou Jean-Bertrand (Bordeaux, 04–11–1761 - Paris, 10–12–1822), graveur en médailles - Médailleur Gallé (Paris - Sèvres), graveur en médailles - Médailleur Date de production: En 1806 Type(s) d'objet(s): Numismatique Dénomination(s): Médaille Lieu(x) d'exécution / réalisati",
   "year": 1806,
   "licence": "CC0",
   "artist": "Andrieu, Bertrand ou Jean-Bertrand (Bordeaux, 04–11–1761 - Paris, 10–12–1822), graveur en médailles - Médailleur",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Plan Der Schlacht beÿ Iena und Hassenhausen.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Plan_Der_Schlacht_be%C3%BF_Iena_und_Hassenhausen.jpg/500px-Plan_Der_Schlacht_be%C3%BF_Iena_und_Hassenhausen.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plan_Der_Schlacht_be%C3%BF_Iena_und_Hassenhausen.jpg",
   "caption": "1 Kt. : teilw. kolor. (35 x 36 cm); Koordinaten E 11°14'00\"-E 12°09'00\"/N 51°11'00\"-N 50°38'00\"; Maßstab in graph. Form (teutsche Meile). - Titel und Maßstab unten rechts. - Stellungen der Truppen und Marschrouten kolor. - Erkl. der Farben in Kt.-Bild. - NNE oben. - Relief: Bergschraffen",
   "year": 1806,
   "licence": "CC0",
   "artist": "o. A.",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Charles Meynier - Napoleon in Berlin.png",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Charles_Meynier_-_Napoleon_in_Berlin.png/500px-Charles_Meynier_-_Napoleon_in_Berlin.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Meynier_-_Napoleon_in_Berlin.png",
   "caption": "Einzug Napoleons an der Spitze seiner Truppen durch das Brandenburger Tor, nach der siegreichen Schlacht bei Jena und Auerstedt. Berlin, 27. Oktober 1806",
   "year": 1810,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Charles Meynier",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Jena, Brandruine des einen Teils der Jüdengasse, auf dem jetzigen Eichplatz, nach der Schlacht bei Jena vom 13. zum 14.Oktober 1806.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jena%2C_Brandruine_des_einen_Teils_der_J%C3%BCdengasse%2C_auf_dem_jetzigen_Eichplatz%2C_nach_der_Schlacht_bei_Jena_vom_13._zum_14.Oktober_1806.jpg/500px-Jena%2C_Brandruine_des_einen_Teils_der_J%C3%BCdengasse%2C_auf_dem_jetzigen_Eichplatz%2C_nach_der_Schlacht_bei_Jena_vom_13._zum_14.Oktober_1806.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jena,_Brandruine_des_einen_Teils_der_J%C3%BCdengasse,_auf_dem_jetzigen_Eichplatz,_nach_der_Schlacht_bei_Jena_vom_13._zum_14.Oktober_1806.jpg",
   "caption": "Teile der zerstörten Wohnhäuser in der Jüdengasse in Jena, nach dem Brand durch Artilleriebeschuss",
   "year": 1810,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "N.N.",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Bataille De Jena Ou D'Auerstedt du 14 Octobre 1806.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Bataille_De_Jena_Ou_D%27Auerstedt_du_14_Octobre_1806.jpg/500px-Bataille_De_Jena_Ou_D%27Auerstedt_du_14_Octobre_1806.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bataille_De_Jena_Ou_D%27Auerstedt_du_14_Octobre_1806.jpg",
   "caption": "1 Kt. + Erl. : teilw. kolor. (30 x 38 cm); Maßstab in graph. Form (Fuss). - Titel, Parallelt. und Maßstab links Mitte. - Truppenaufstellung und Marschrouten kolor. - Mit 3 Nebenkt.: Märsche u. Positionen. Retraite. Ende der Bataille. - Unten rechts: Pr. 8g. - Mit 1 Erl.: Die Schlacht von Jena oder A",
   "year": 1820,
   "licence": "CC0",
   "artist": "Müller, Fr.",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Charles Marville, Avenue d'Iéna, ca. 1853–70.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Charles_Marville%2C_Avenue_d%27I%C3%A9na%2C_ca._1853%E2%80%9370.jpg/500px-Charles_Marville%2C_Avenue_d%27I%C3%A9na%2C_ca._1853%E2%80%9370.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Marville,_Avenue_d%27I%C3%A9na,_ca._1853%E2%80%9370.jpg",
   "caption": "Looking along wide straight unmade road, tree lined paths and buildings on either side",
   "year": 1853,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Charles Marville",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt MKL Bd. 2 1890 (131577270).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_MKL_Bd._2_1890_%28131577270%29.jpg/500px-Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_MKL_Bd._2_1890_%28131577270%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Jena-Auerstedt_MKL_Bd._2_1890_(131577270).jpg",
   "caption": "Map of the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt",
   "year": 1890,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Unknown author Unknown author",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:From 1800 to 1900. The wonderful story of the century; its progress and achievements (1899) (14593445670).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/From_1800_to_1900._The_wonderful_story_of_the_century%3B_its_progress_and_achievements_%281899%29_%2814593445670%29.jpg/500px-From_1800_to_1900._The_wonderful_story_of_the_century%3B_its_progress_and_achievements_%281899%29_%2814593445670%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:From_1800_to_1900._The_wonderful_story_of_the_century;_its_progress_and_achievements_(1899)_(14593445670).jpg",
   "caption": "From 1800 to 1900. The wonderful story of the century; its progress and achievements",
   "year": 1899,
   "licence": "No restrictions",
   "artist": "Internet Archive Book Images",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:08976-Hassenhausen-1907-Denkmal der Gefallenen von 1806-Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/08976-Hassenhausen-1907-Denkmal_der_Gefallenen_von_1806-Br%C3%BCck_%26_Sohn_Kunstverlag.jpg/500px-08976-Hassenhausen-1907-Denkmal_der_Gefallenen_von_1806-Br%C3%BCck_%26_Sohn_Kunstverlag.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08976-Hassenhausen-1907-Denkmal_der_Gefallenen_von_1806-Br%C3%BCck_%26_Sohn_Kunstverlag.jpg",
   "caption": "Hassenhausen; Denkmal der Gefallenen von 1806",
   "year": 1907,
   "licence": "CC0",
   "artist": "Brück & Sohn Kunstverlag Meißen",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:L'endroit où Fallières a été attaqué (L'Humanité, 1908-12-26).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/L%27endroit_o%C3%B9_Falli%C3%A8res_a_%C3%A9t%C3%A9_attaqu%C3%A9_%28L%27Humanit%C3%A9%2C_1908-12-26%29.jpg/500px-L%27endroit_o%C3%B9_Falli%C3%A8res_a_%C3%A9t%C3%A9_attaqu%C3%A9_%28L%27Humanit%C3%A9%2C_1908-12-26%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%27endroit_o%C3%B9_Falli%C3%A8res_a_%C3%A9t%C3%A9_attaqu%C3%A9_(L%27Humanit%C3%A9,_1908-12-26).jpg",
   "caption": "\"L'endroit où M. Fallières a été attaqué\" [place de l’Étoile, du côté de l'avenue d'Iéna]",
   "year": 1908,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Unknown author Unknown author",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Иллюстрация к статье «Ауэрштедт». Военная энциклопедия Сытина (Санкт-Петербург, 1911-1915).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%28%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%2C_1911-1915%29.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%82%C2%BB._%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3,_1911-1915).jpg",
   "caption": "Данное изображение было использовано в статье « Ауэрштедт » опубликованной в третьем томе « Военной энциклопедии », который был издан книгоиздательским товариществом Ивана Дмитриевича Сытина в 1911 году в столице Российской империи городе Санкт-Петербурге",
   "year": 1912,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "« Военная энциклопедия И. Д. Сытина ». Том 3 ( Санкт-Петербург ; 1911 ).",
   "collection": null
  }
 ],
 "photos_kind": "paintings",
 "newspapers": {
  "slug": "jena-auerstedt",
  "query": "Jena",
  "from": "1806-10-14",
  "to": "1807-01-12",
  "total": 35,
  "rights": "Library of Congress, Chronicling America: newspapers published before 1931, in the public domain. Text machine-read from the scanned page.",
  "pages": [
   {
    "date": "1806-12-16",
    "paper": "The enquirer (Richmond, Va.)",
    "place": "Richmond, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024736/1806-12-16/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "... A. M. The battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], fought yefterday, is one of the nv'ft remarkable in tiiftory. The Pruftians amounted to the number of 150,Too ihty loft 2»)0 pieces of cannon and :k) ftaiul of colours, betides ca.OOO prifoners of war. The duke of Brunfwiek and General von j Kurhcl are killed. Prince Henry of Prullia is j oadly wounded. A great number of Generals, i beiidcs many cflicers of Rank, arc wounded. Thc lofi of the French army is comparatively infinitely lefs; yet we have in the hpfpitaU of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]] 1 COO wounded, and in tliole of N ipm’burg 1500 there is no other general killed on otm part than the general of Brigade Bniy ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1806-12-16",
    "paper": "The New Hampshire gazette (Portsmouth [N.H.])",
    "place": "Portsmouth, New Hampshire",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83025588/1806-12-16/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "... FRENCH fuccefles against _ PRUSSIA. [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], O&. 15—5 o’clock, M.— The battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], fought yesterday, is one of the most remarkable in histo ry. The Prussians amounted to the number of 150,000 they loft 200 pieces of cannon and 30 stand of col ours, besides 28,000 prisoners of war, The duke of Brunswick and Gen. Von Ruchel are killed. Prince Hen 1y of Prussia is badly wounded. A great number of Generals, besides ma ny officers of rank, are wounded.— The loss of the Fiench army is com paratively infinitely less yet we have in the hospitals of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]] 1200 wound ed, and in those of Naumburg 150§ there is no other general killed ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1806-12-17",
    "paper": "Alexandria daily advertiser (Alexandria [Va.])",
    "place": "Alexandria, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024012/1806-12-17/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "chan ab: ;ZOth, from [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]]. This circum s-ance ia'rcudercd still more extraordinary ae-tbc distance'srom Amstordam tOLBcrl-iu siis about 50 En !iah miles more than from Amatcrdzm so jeua, and the above letters {ram Bcrlm md Magdsscburg arc stated so have been received .by the .curcuitous way of Hamburg, and theaccctffims exxractxo' from the!!) do not bv my means correspond sswiz'n ibcssleuer from jcna of the lslh, ;ln chls !ctler lhesidukc ot Brunswictck is stated Lo have been killed, and the decisictvo bae-Llc to hue been fought on the l'4ihct Ths— lcctz ter from Magdcburg we now inseu m tull length and verbalssly translated.] n'! Jfag'dcbuctrg, Oct. LS—G o'cloek M. The battles which our king ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1806-12-19",
    "paper": "Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.)",
    "place": "Richmond, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024710/1806-12-19/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... to this port. BATTLE OF [[tag]]JENA[[/tag]]. Jrrra, Oct. 1.5—5 o'clock, .4. M.)—-The battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], fought yesterday, is one of the most memorable in' history. Tiie Prussians amounted to the number of 1.50,000 they lost 200 pieces of cannon, find 30 stand of colors, besides 2ft,OGO pri soners of war. The Duke of Brunsw ick and General Ruchel arc killed. Prime Henry of Prussia is badly wounded. A great number of Generals, besides many officers of rank, arc wounded. The loss of the T rench army is, comparatively, infinitely less yet we have in the hospitals ol [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], 1-00 wounded, and in those of Natimburg 1500. There is no other General killed on our part, ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1806-12-20",
    "paper": "Herald of the United States (Warren, R.I.)",
    "place": "Warren, Rhode Island",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83021527/1806-12-20/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "'Decijvot Battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]]. [[tag]]JENA[[/tag]], OCT. I 5 —(j O’clock, A. M.) The battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], fought yeiterday, is one of tbe moft memorable in hiflory. The Pruffian* amoucted to the number of 150,000 they bit 200 pieces of cannon, and 30 tiand of colours, befides 28,000 prifacers of war. The Duke of Brunfwtck wnd General Rachel are killed. Prince Henry of Pruffia is bad y wounded. A great number of Gcneala, brfides mrey officers uf rank, are wounded.— The I of* of the French army is, comparative, ly, infinitely left; yet we have in tbe hofpitalt of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], 1200 wounded, and in thole of Naum burg 1500. There is no other general ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1806-12-22",
    "paper": "Portland gazette, and Maine advertiser (Portland, Me.)",
    "place": "Portland, Maine",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83016082/1806-12-22/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "vrobnded at [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]], and 1500 at Xaum burg, (October 18th.) General Billey. (a brave man) was die only J rench officer of rank killed. Twenty of the villages round [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]] are full of the wounded in the battle of the 14th. Thun far the French accounts. MAGDEBURG, OCT. 17. The Prussian army of Reserve, under the Duke Eugene, of Wirtem burg, was defeated by Marshal Davoust, near Halle, and been obliged to retreat with considerable loss.—It adds, Halle (about 80 miles S. W. of Berlin) has been taken by the French and they will probably be before our gates to morrow. Prince Lew is is killed and the Duke of Brunswick lays ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1806-12-31",
    "paper": "The national intelligencer and Washington advertiser (Washington City [D.C.])",
    "place": "Washington, District Of Columbia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045242/1806-12-31/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "[[tag]]JENA[[/tag]], Oct. 15. The battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]] has erased the fhame acquired by the battle of Rofback, 8c thus in 7 days determined a campaign, j which has quenched the dreadful thirif tor war that tormented the court of Pvuili.i. 'l'hc pofition of tJic «riry o:» tl« /S:b ihft. war, as follows. The duke ol' Berg and Marlhal Davot.lt ftood with the corps at Naumberg, having divi fions of their troops at Leipllc raid Halle. The corps of the Prince Ponte Corvo was on its march for Dormburg, and that of Marfhal Lannes was polled at [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]] while the corps of Augereau was Rationed «t Kuhla, and that under Ney ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1807-01-01",
    "paper": "Lynchburg star (Lynchburg [Va.])",
    "place": "Lynchburg, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn85025609/1807-01-01/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... great number of cob md’i. [[tag]]jena[[/tag]], Oct. 15.—The battle of [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]] has erased the shame ac quired by the battle of Rosbach and thus in seven days terminated a campaign which has quenched tlie dreadful thirst for war which tormented the Court of Prussia. The position of the army o« the 15th inst. was as follows The Duke of Berg and Marshal Pavoust stood with their corps at Naumburg, havingdivions of their troops at Leipzie and Haile. The corps of the Prince Ponte Corvo was on its march for Na umburg; and that of Marshal Lannes was posted at [[tag]]Jena[[/tag]]; while the corps of Angereau was stati oned ax Kairla, and that under Ney at ..."
   }
  ]
 }
}