{
 "slug": "loos",
 "title": "Battle of Loos",
 "status": "draft",
 "era": "1900–1918",
 "date_text": "25 September – 16 October 1915",
 "start": "1915-09-25",
 "end": "1915-10-16",
 "war": "World War I",
 "cdb90_war": "WORLD WAR I",
 "place": {
  "name": "The mining country between Grenay, Loos, Hill 70, Hulluch and the La Bassée canal, north of Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France",
  "lat": 50.4583,
  "lon": 2.7942,
  "wikidata": "Q1245157"
 },
 "lede": "From 25 September 1915 Haig's First Army attacked between Lens and the La Bassée canal behind the first British gas cloud. It took Loos but not the German second position, lost about 50,000 men, and cost Sir John French his command.",
 "result": "German defensive victory: the British took Loos and a shallow salient but not Hill 70 or the German second position",
 "result_cdb90": "attacker loss",
 "belligerents": [
  {
   "role": "attacker",
   "name": "British Empire (First Army: I and IV Corps, with XI Corps, the 3rd Cavalry Division and later the 12th, 28th and 46th Divisions)",
   "commanders": [
    "Field Marshal Sir John French (Commander-in-Chief, BEF; held the general reserve)",
    "General Sir Douglas Haig (First Army)",
    "Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Rawlinson (IV Corps)",
    "Lieutenant-General Hubert Gough (I Corps)",
    "Lieutenant-General Richard Haking (XI Corps)"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": null,
    "low": null,
    "high": null,
    "source": "s2"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 50380,
    "low": 50380,
    "high": 61713,
    "source": "s2"
   }
  },
  {
   "role": "defender",
   "name": "German Empire (6th Army: IV Corps and part of VII Corps, reinforced by units of the Guard Corps, II Bavarian Corps and X Reserve Corps)",
   "commanders": [
    "Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria (6th Army)",
    "General Friedrich Sixt von Armin (IV Corps)",
    "General Hermann von François (VII Corps)"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": null,
    "low": null,
    "high": null,
    "source": "s2"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 26000,
    "low": 19836,
    "high": 26000,
    "source": "s2"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sections": {
  "background": "By the late summer of 1915 the Western Front was locked in trench warfare. Falkenhayn had sent German divisions east, and Joffre planned a great autumn offensive to break through in Champagne and in Artois, where the French Tenth Army would attack Vimy Ridge. The British were to attack on its left, between Lens and the La Bassée canal.\n\nSir John French and Douglas Haig, whose First Army would make the attack, disliked the ground. It was flat coal-mining country, dotted with slag heaps (crassiers), pit-heads (fosses and puits) and rows of miners' cottages, all of which the Germans had turned into observation posts and strongpoints; in July the British had found a second German position being dug behind the first. At the Frévent conference on 27 July French failed to persuade Foch to switch the attack further north. Kitchener, alarmed by Russian defeats, told French that Britain must 'act with all energy and do our utmost to help France in their offensive, even though by so doing we may suffer very heavy losses', and on 21 August ordered him to attack.\n\nShort of guns and shells, the British turned to gas. The decision to use it was taken on 3 May, after the German chlorine attack at Ypres. Special Companies of the Royal Engineers under Major Foulkes trained at Helfaut, near St Omer, and on 22 August Haig and his generals watched a chlorine cloud demonstrated there. Haig built his plan around it: if the wind was right, all six assault divisions would attack at once behind the gas.",
  "forces": "Haig attacked with two corps. Rawlinson's IV Corps on the right had the Territorial 47th (2nd London) Division, the New Army 15th (Scottish) Division and the regular 1st Division; Gough's I Corps had the regular 7th and 2nd Divisions and the New Army 9th (Scottish) Division. The official history counts 75,000 men in the assault. French kept the general reserve, Haking's XI Corps with the Guards and the newly arrived New Army 21st and 24th Divisions, under his own hand, well to the rear. The New Army divisions were volunteers of 1914; Loos was the first mass action of Kitchener's Army.\n\nNearly 5,500 cylinders holding about 150 tons of chlorine were carried into the front line by some 8,000 men. Smoke candles and smoke shells were to thicken the cloud. Every man wore the original smoke helmet, a flannel bag with talc eyepieces that was hard to see or breathe through.\n\nOpposite stood Sixt von Armin's IV Corps and part of von François's VII Corps of Crown Prince Rupprecht's 6th Army: at first only thirteen battalions, 10,000–11,000 men, with about a quarter as many field guns, but plenty of ammunition, deep dug-outs, machine guns and a well-wired second position behind them. Reinforcements could arrive within hours.",
  "course": "CDB90 treats the whole battle as one engagement, Loos (293).\n\n**25 September.** At 05:50 the bombardment opened and the gas was turned on along the front from opposite Lens to Givenchy. The wind was light and fickle. In front of Loos and the Hohenzollern Redoubt the cloud carried over the German trenches; in the centre, astride the Vermelles–Hulluch road, it drifted back onto the British; on the 2nd Division front it was turned off almost at once. The engineers had warned against the release, but Gough overruled them. At 06:30 the infantry went over in thin mist.\n\nOn the right the 47th Division took the Double Crassier, the Loos Crassier and the chalk pit to form a flank facing Lens. The London Irish went forward kicking a football. Beside them the 15th (Scottish) Division went into the gas to the sound of Piper Daniel Laidlaw of the 7th King's Own Scottish Borderers, who marched up and down the parapet playing until he was wounded. Loos fell soon after 08:00, and the Scots crowded on up Hill 70; some 900 men crossed it towards Cité St Laurent. German reserves counter-attacked from 11:30, and at 13:00 retook the redoubt on the crest. The 1st Division, held up by uncut wire, left the Scots' left flank open.\n\nIn I Corps the 9th (Scottish) Division stormed the Hohenzollern Redoubt and Fosse 8, though its left brigade was thrown back by fire from Auchy. The 7th Division crossed the first position, reached the Quarries and Cité St Elie and by 10:00 had men in Haisnes, but could not hold them. The 2nd Division, without gas, failed north of the canal. By night the First Army had lost about 15,500 men and held a ragged salient short of the German second position. The French Tenth Army had attacked at 12:25.\n\n**26 September.** French had released the reserves, but orders reached them in the small hours after a long night march. At 09:00 the 45th and 62nd Brigades failed to retake Hill 70. At 11:00, after a feeble bombardment, the 21st and 24th Divisions advanced in the open up a gentle slope for about 1,000 yards towards the second position between Hulluch and Hill 70, against wire four feet high and twenty deep that the guns had not cut. Machine guns from both flanks broke them, and survivors streamed back to the old German front line. The two divisions lost over 8,000 men in the battle, most of them that day. German machine-gunners, sickened by the slaughter, are said to have ceased fire to let the wounded crawl away. Dismounted cavalry reoccupied the Hill 70 trenches by 20:00.\n\n**27–28 September.** The Germans retook Fosse 8 and the Dump; Major-General Thesiger of the 9th Division was killed there. The Guards Division attacked: the 2nd Irish Guards took Chalk Pit Wood, the Scots Guards were cut down at Puits 14, and at 17:30 the Welsh Guards were stopped on the crest of Hill 70. Second Lieutenant John Kipling of the Irish Guards was posted missing on the 27th. Major-General Capper of the 7th Division was also killed. On 28 September Haig told Foch that the First Army could not attack again.\n\n**October.** The Germans retook the Hohenzollern Redoubt on 3 October, and on 8 October attacked with five regiments around Loos, losing some 3,000 men for nothing. On 13 October at 14:00, after gas and smoke, the 46th (North Midland) Division assaulted the Hohenzollern Redoubt and lost 180 officers and 3,583 men, mostly in the first ten minutes; a lack of hand grenades ended the attack.",
  "aftermath": "The British kept Loos and a shallow salient, but not Hill 70, Hulluch or the second position. The official history counts about 50,000 casualties in the main attack, over 61,000 with the subsidiary attacks, against about 26,000 German. Some 15,800 British officers and men were killed or missing for good, among them three divisional commanders: Thesiger, Capper and Wing. The gas had done little damage: about 2,600 British soldiers were gassed, very few fatally, and one German regiment reported only 72 gas casualties in hospital.\n\nThe argument began at once. Haig, writing to Kitchener four days after the battle began, blamed French for holding the reserves too far back; the historian Winter calls this self-serving, pointing out that laden men could not have arrived in time. French's support in the army and government drained away, and on 15 December 1915 Haig replaced him as Commander-in-Chief. Rawlinson wrote that some divisions had reached the German trenches, 'for their bodies can now be seen on the barbed wire'. Richard Hilton, an artillery observer on Hill 70, thought its tragedy was 'its nearness to complete success'.\n\nThe Loos Memorial at Dud Corner names over 20,000 men with no known grave. John Kipling's grave was identified only in 1992, and Rudyard Kipling's grief drew him into the work of the war graves commission. Laidlaw, 'the Piper of Loos', was one of 21 men awarded the Victoria Cross.",
  "wargaming": "Loos is the first big British set-piece of the war and a good test of any trench-warfare rules. At battalion scale (a stand as a company), 25 September on the 15th and 47th Divisions' front, from the Double Crassier to the Vermelles–Hulluch road, is a manageable table: Loos village, the crassiers, the chalk pit, the Loos Pylons and Hill 70, with Cité St Laurent and Cité St Auguste beyond. The British player has numbers and surprise, the German player a thin garrison, machine guns and reserves arriving from mid-morning.\n\nGas should be a gamble rolled for each sector: it may carry, linger in no man's land or blow back, and the smoke helmets should penalise the men who wear them. Uncut wire and a short bombardment matter more than the infantry's courage.\n\nThe big decision is the reserves. A brigade- or division-scale game can let the British player bring XI Corps up on the morning of the 25th, as Haig wanted, and test whether fresh troops could have broken the second position before German reserves arrived, or whether Winter is right that they could never have got there in time. The 26th, by contrast, is a near-hopeless attack that makes a grim but instructive scenario. The Hohenzollern Redoubt and Fosse 8 suit company- or platoon-scale bombing fights, where grenade supply decides the day."
 },
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   "file": "File:Battle of Loos, 1915 png.png",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "Diagrammatic map of the Loos battlefield, 1915.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "artist": "A H Maude",
   "credit": "The History of the 47th (London) Division 1914-1919 (1922)",
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  {
   "file": "File:Hohenzollern Redoubt October 1915 map.jpg",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "Trench map of the Hohenzollern Redoubt and Fosse 8, October 1915.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "artist": "artist not identified",
   "credit": "\"History of 1/8th Battalion Sherwood Foresters 1914-1919\" by Captain W.C.C. Weetman. Published by Thomas Forman & Sons, Nottingham, 1920. Downloaded from https://archive.org/details/forestersgreatwar00weetuoft",
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   "file": "File:British infantry advancing at Loos 25 September 1915.jpg",
   "kind": "photo",
   "caption": "British infantry of the 47th (2nd London) Division advancing into the gas and smoke cloud, 25 September 1915.",
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   "artist": "Photo taken by a soldier of the London Rifle Brigade (1/5th Battalion, The London Regiment)",
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  {
   "file": "File:Elizabeth Thompson - A London Irish at Loos.png",
   "kind": "painting",
   "caption": "Lady Butler (Elizabeth Thompson), A London Irish at Loos (1916): Rifleman Frank Edwards leads the charge kicking a football.",
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  {
   "file": "File:How Piper Daniel Laidlaw Won Victoria Cross at Loos Dec 4 1915 Illustrated London News.jpg",
   "kind": "illustration",
   "caption": "Samuel Begg's illustration of Piper Daniel Laidlaw playing the 7th King's Own Scottish Borderers out of the trench, Illustrated London News, 4 December 1915.",
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   "artist": "Samuel Begg",
   "credit": "Issue 3998. - Vol CXLVII Dec 4 1915 Illustrated London News",
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  {
   "file": "File:Sir Douglas Haig.jpg",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "Douglas Haig, who commanded the First Army at Loos and replaced Sir John French as Commander-in-Chief in December 1915.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Sir_Douglas_Haig.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Elliott & Fry",
   "credit": "Evelyn Wood (1917). Winnowed Memories . London: Cassell and Company. p. 126.",
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  {
   "file": "File:Rupprecht von Bayern.jpg",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria, commander of the German 6th Army.",
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   "artist": "Bernhard Dittmar",
   "credit": "This image is available from the United States Library of Congress 's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ggbain.31339 . This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing .",
   "width": 342
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Dud corner cemetery-Loos memorial-2.jpg",
   "kind": "photo",
   "caption": "Dud Corner Cemetery and the Loos Memorial, which names over 20,000 men with no known grave.",
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 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "s1",
   "title": "Battle of Loos (Wikipedia)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Loos",
   "kind": "web"
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  {
   "id": "s2",
   "title": "J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915, vol. II: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos (Macmillan, 1928), archive.org scan",
   "url": "https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.210676",
   "kind": "book"
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  {
   "id": "s3",
   "title": "Battle of Loos (National Army Museum)",
   "url": "https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/battle-loos",
   "kind": "web"
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  {
   "id": "s4",
   "title": "Schlacht bei Loos (German Wikipedia)",
   "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Loos",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s5",
   "title": "Daniel Laidlaw (Wikipedia)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Laidlaw",
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  {
   "id": "s6",
   "title": "John Kipling (Wikipedia)",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kipling",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s7",
   "title": "M. Duffy, The Battle of Loos, 1915 (firstworldwar.com, archived copy)",
   "url": "https://bac-lac.wayback.archive-it.org/web/20171107152445/http://firstworldwar.com/battles/loos.htm",
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   "file": "File:46th Division attacking Hohenzollern Redoubt 13-10-1915 IWM Q 29001.jpg",
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   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Lendon, Warwick W",
   "collection": "IWM"
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  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Loos British attack Hohenzollern Redoubt Q 29001.jpg",
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   "caption": "Sujet : Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) -- Destruction et pillage -- Pas-de-Calais (France) Bataille de Loos (1915) Carency (Pas-de-Calais, France) Ablain-Saint-Nazaire (Pas-de-Calais, France) Souchez (Pas-de-Calais, France) Loos-en-Gohelle (Pas-de-Calais, France) Bruay-la-Bu",
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   "caption": "Sujet : Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) -- Destruction et pillage -- Pas-de-Calais (France) Bataille de Loos (1915) Carency (Pas-de-Calais, France) Ablain-Saint-Nazaire (Pas-de-Calais, France) Souchez (Pas-de-Calais, France) Loos-en-Gohelle (Pas-de-Calais, France) Bruay-la-Bu",
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   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Recueil._Offensive_franco-britannique_en_Artois%2C_septembre-octobre_1915_-_btv1b84469872_%2833_of_58%29.jpg/500px-Recueil._Offensive_franco-britannique_en_Artois%2C_septembre-octobre_1915_-_btv1b84469872_%2833_of_58%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
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   "caption": "Sujet : Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) -- Destruction et pillage -- Pas-de-Calais (France) Bataille de Loos (1915) Carency (Pas-de-Calais, France) Ablain-Saint-Nazaire (Pas-de-Calais, France) Souchez (Pas-de-Calais, France) Loos-en-Gohelle (Pas-de-Calais, France) Bruay-la-Bu",
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   "caption": "Sujet : Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) -- Destruction et pillage -- Pas-de-Calais (France) Bataille de Loos (1915) Carency (Pas-de-Calais, France) Ablain-Saint-Nazaire (Pas-de-Calais, France) Souchez (Pas-de-Calais, France) Loos-en-Gohelle (Pas-de-Calais, France) Bruay-la-Bu",
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   "artist": "France. Section photographique des armées. Photographe",
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   "file": "File:Recueil. Offensive franco-britannique en Artois, septembre-octobre 1915 - btv1b84469872 (47 of 58).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Recueil._Offensive_franco-britannique_en_Artois%2C_septembre-octobre_1915_-_btv1b84469872_%2847_of_58%29.jpg/500px-Recueil._Offensive_franco-britannique_en_Artois%2C_septembre-octobre_1915_-_btv1b84469872_%2847_of_58%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
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   "caption": "Sujet : Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) -- Destruction et pillage -- Pas-de-Calais (France) Bataille de Loos (1915) Carency (Pas-de-Calais, France) Ablain-Saint-Nazaire (Pas-de-Calais, France) Souchez (Pas-de-Calais, France) Loos-en-Gohelle (Pas-de-Calais, France) Bruay-la-Bu",
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   "file": "File:Recueil. Offensive franco-britannique en Artois, septembre-octobre 1915 - btv1b84469872 (54 of 58).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Recueil._Offensive_franco-britannique_en_Artois%2C_septembre-octobre_1915_-_btv1b84469872_%2854_of_58%29.jpg/500px-Recueil._Offensive_franco-britannique_en_Artois%2C_septembre-octobre_1915_-_btv1b84469872_%2854_of_58%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
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 ],
 "photos_kind": "photographs",
 "newspapers": {
  "slug": "loos",
  "query": "Loos",
  "from": "1915-09-25",
  "to": "1915-10-30",
  "total": 5613,
  "rights": "Library of Congress, Chronicling America: newspapers published before 1931, in the public domain. Text machine-read from the scanned page.",
  "pages": [
   {
    "date": "1915-09-27",
    "paper": "Daily Kennebec journal (Augusta, Me.)",
    "place": "Augusta, Maine",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn82014248/1915-09-27/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... except to the north of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], ac cording to an official communication is sued tonight. The town of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] is be ing held by the British, the quarries have been captured and the French on the British right have been enabled to make further progress, the statement says. “There has been severe fighting to day,” reads the official communication, “on the ground won by us yesterday, the enemy making determined counter at tacks cast and northeast of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]]. “The result of this fighting is that, ex cept just north of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], we hold all the ground gained yesterday, including the whole of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] itself. “This evening we re-took the quarries northwest of Hulluch, wntch we ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-09-29",
    "paper": "The Milwaukee leader (Milwaukee, Wis.)",
    "place": "Milwaukee, Wisconsin",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045293/1915-09-29/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... by the enemy north of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], it was officially announced this after noon. On every sector of the battlefront Anglo-French attacks have been re pulsed in the last 24 hours, the war office reported. “We have been unable to eject the enemy from 100 meters of trenches northwest of Souchez,” it was ad mitted, “but constantly advancing waves of French troops have broken down before our inflexible resistance.” The official statement especially mentioned the gallant resistance of the Baden, Rhinelanders and West phalians, in meeting the furious at tacks of the French who suffered the greatest losses in the fighting east and northeast of Vimy. [[tag]]LOOS[[/tag]] VITAL POINT. All around [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], English troops at*- tacked ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-09-30",
    "paper": "The Oakes times (Oakes, N.D.)",
    "place": "Oakes, North Dakota",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn87096017/1915-09-30/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... the regions of Hulluch and [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], between La Basse and I .ens. On the northern end of the line in Belgium the Germans are bombard ing the Belgian positions and various towns. The German counter attacks north west of Hulluch have been repulsed with heavy losses, according to the British official report, which adds that to the east of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] the British of fensive Is progressing. In Champagne, where the French gains extended over a fifteen-mile front to a depth of from two-thirds of a mile to two and a'half miles, the troops of the republic are in strong positions before the second line of German defenses, which they are still pounding with their heavy ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-10-01",
    "paper": "Bryan daily eagle and pilot (Bryan, Tex.)",
    "place": "Bryan, Texas",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn86088651/1915-10-01/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... checked. Germans Made Progreaa at [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]]. By Associates' Preaa-I Merlin. Oct 1. The British have ceased their attacka and the German made further progress north of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], tht Wsr Offtc announced todsy. All French attacks east of Southei railed. Franco Defene Greece. ISy Associated Pre imiim, wcu i. me lemps say France haa taken military measures to defend Greece from Bulgarian aggression. You are going to buy Groceries somew here in )ttdDlbIj Why not do your trading where your favor will be appreciated most? 166-TWO PHONES-177 W. 5. WILSON, JR. mm 300 lbs. milk per hour. .$30.00 480 lbs. milk per hour. .$42.50 Sold and Guaranteed by PARKER-ASTIN HDW. CO. U. S. ARTILLERY TO CLOSER"
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-10-07",
    "paper": "Springfield weekly Republican (Springfield, Mass.)",
    "place": "Springfield, Massachusetts",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83020847/1915-10-07/ed-1/?sp=14",
    "snippet": "THE GREAT DASH AT [[tag]]LOOS[[/tag]] KITCHENER'S NEW ARMY BRAVE Correspondents Tell of the Dash Over German Trenches and Desperate House-to-House Fighting The British correspondents at the front continue the story of the fighting on the western battle front. They pay a high tribute of admiration to the fine qualities of Kitchener's army, which here for the first time has been engaged in important operations. According to one writer, the panic in which the German staff is re ported to have fled from [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] indicates that the entry of the British was un foreseen. Field guns mounted on concrete I’lßttorms, this correspondent says, were stul hot and with shells in position when the Germans departed. ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-10-09",
    "paper": "The West Virginian (Fairmont, W. Va.)",
    "place": "Fairmont, West Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn86072054/1915-10-09/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... position of the Allies near [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] were heavy. This ^information was given out by the ^French office this afternoon. i Other violent attacks on the part pbLthe Germans southeast of Neuville jS.tTiVaast were completely repulsed. fiUl the French advances of recent davs have been maintained. The official re gpor^says: he reports of last night set forth at the German losses in the offensive vement undertaken yesterday iinst [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] and the positions to the |oprth of and to the south of [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] TOttlly, held by our troops were very he assault was made by three suc ilve and very dense formations of n followed by the detachment in tlamn form. All these troops were cut down ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-10-14",
    "paper": "Pierre weekly free press (Pierre, S.D.)",
    "place": "Pierre, South Dakota",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn98062890/1915-10-14/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "... positions of the allies near [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] were very heavy. This information was given out by the French war of fice this afternoon. German artillery fire continues along the whole of the western front, being directed with particular vio lence against [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]], to regain which the Germans are making a determined effort, and against the left wing of the attacking French forces in Champagne. Speculation as to the next surprise this kaledloscopic movement may bring forth, which is always active, was given fresh life today by a crlptic remark in the London Daily Telegraph, which in concluding an editorial on events in the Balkans, says: \"Meanwhile, the world is waiting for news of events, which, as ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1915-10-29",
    "paper": "The intelligencer (Anderson, S.C.)",
    "place": "Anderson, South Carolina",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/2010218505/1915-10-29/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... Correspon dence.)-Sinco tho taking o? [[tag]]Loos[[/tag]] all tho army is singing the praises of tho guns and tho plunes. No such boinbarr'nieht had over been heard on tho British front as that which pre ceded the attack. There seemed no intervals between tho rcpor's of tl io guns; not oven those of the beat of a snaro drum. Tito roar had the power and continuity of Niagara Falls. House windows in the surrounding country kept up a continuous rattle \"lt ls the sweetest sound in the world,\" Plaid ono of tho surviving veterans of the retreat from Mons. \"It means you will get into the Ger man trench and have a fair fight of lt ..."
   }
  ]
 }
}