{
 "slug": "lundys-lane",
 "title": "Battle of Lundy's Lane",
 "status": "draft",
 "era": "1775–1815",
 "date_text": "25 July 1814",
 "start": "1814-07-25",
 "end": "1814-07-25",
 "war": "War of 1812",
 "cdb90_war": "WAR OF 1812",
 "place": {
  "name": "The rise where Lundy's Lane meets the Portage Road, about a mile from the falls, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada",
  "lat": 43.0892,
  "lon": -79.0955,
  "wikidata": "Q364322"
 },
 "lede": "On the evening of 25 July 1814, within sound of Niagara Falls, Brown's American army fought Drummond's British and Canadians for a hilltop battery until midnight. The Americans took the guns but withdrew, and their last invasion of Upper Canada stalled.",
 "result": "Tactically indecisive; British strategic success",
 "result_cdb90": "attacker loss",
 "belligerents": [
  {
   "role": "attacker",
   "name": "United States Left Division: regulars, New York and Pennsylvania volunteers and militia, and Canadian Volunteers",
   "commanders": [
    "Major General Jacob Brown",
    "Brigadier General Winfield Scott",
    "Brigadier General Eleazer Ripley",
    "Brigadier General Peter B. Porter"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": 2500,
    "low": 2500,
    "high": 2800,
    "source": "s2"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 853,
    "low": 853,
    "high": 860,
    "source": "s1"
   }
  },
  {
   "role": "defender",
   "name": "British army in Upper Canada: regulars, fencibles, Upper Canada militia and Mohawk warriors",
   "commanders": [
    "Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond",
    "Major General Phineas Riall",
    "Colonel Hercules Scott",
    "Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Morrison",
    "Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Pearson"
   ],
   "strength": {
    "value": 3500,
    "low": 3500,
    "high": 3700,
    "source": "s2"
   },
   "casualties": {
    "value": 878,
    "low": 867,
    "high": 878,
    "source": "s5"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sections": {
  "background": "In 1814 the United States made a last attempt to conquer Upper Canada across the Niagara River. On 3 July Major General Jacob Brown's Left Division crossed and took Fort Erie, and two days later Winfield Scott's brigade of regulars beat Major General Phineas Riall at Chippawa. Brown then turned the British line on Chippawa Creek, and Riall fell back to Fort George at the mouth of the river.\n\nBrown could go no further. He had no heavy guns for a siege, and the reinforcements and guns he expected by lake never came: Commodore Chauncey's squadron was held up at Sackett's Harbor, while the British reinforced Fort George by water. Brown spent most of July around Queenston, then on 24 July fell back to Chippawa Creek to secure his supplies.\n\nRiall followed. On the morning of 25 July his advance guard, about 1,000 men under Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Pearson, took post on the rise where Lundy's Lane crossed the Portage Road, about a mile inland from the falls and some four miles north of Chippawa. Lieutenant General Gordon Drummond, commanding in Upper Canada, reached Fort George early that morning and took charge. He sent a column under Lieutenant Colonel John Tucker down the American bank from Fort Niagara, threatening Brown's depot at Lewiston, and ordered more troops to join Riall.\n\nBrown answered by sending Scott's brigade north towards Queenston. In the late afternoon Scott found the British at Lundy's Lane. Riall, believing he faced Brown's whole army, ordered a retreat; Drummond countermanded it, and the British were still reoccupying the hill when the Americans came into view.",
  "forces": "Brown's Left Division was built round two brigades of regulars. Scott's 1st Brigade (9th, 11th, 22nd and 25th Infantry, with Towson's artillery company) had won at Chippawa. Ripley's 2nd Brigade held the 1st, 21st and 23rd Infantry. Porter's 3rd Brigade was a volunteer formation of New York militia, Pennsylvania volunteers and a small corps of Canadian Volunteers. Major Jacob Hindman's artillery had 6- and 12-pounders and 5.5-inch howitzers in action; two batteries of 18-pounders never came into the fight. There were only about 70 dragoons.\n\nDrummond's army mixed British regulars with Canadian troops. Pearson's light brigade comprised the Glengarry Light Infantry, a fencible regiment, the Incorporated Militia Battalion of Upper Canada and Merritt's Provincial Light Dragoons, with Lincoln and York militia and about 50 Mohawk warriors under John Norton. Morrison's column brought the 89th Foot, detachments of the 1st (Royal Scots), 8th and 41st Foot, two 24-pounders and a Congreve rocket section. Colonel Hercules Scott's column added the 103rd Foot, more of the 8th and 1st, flank companies of the 104th, a militia brigade and three 6-pounders.\n\nThe British guns stood in the cemetery at the top of the rise, about 25 feet above the surrounding ground, on clear farmland between an orchard and woods. The Americans had to come at them up the Portage Road from the south.",
  "course": "CDB90 records the battle as a single engagement, number 148 (LUNDY'S LANE), from 18:00 to midnight. Times are approximate: s2 puts the first contact at about 18:00, s3 says the battle began shortly after 19:00, and few later events have a clock time.\n\n**Scott under the guns (about 18:00).** Scott's brigade, perhaps 1,000–1,200 strong with Towson's guns, came out of the woods onto open ground in front of the British battery and stopped within range. Scott attacked, and his brigade fought on in the open for some three hours. The British guns tore his brigade apart: by about 21:00 it was down to some 600 men.\n\n**Jesup's flank march.** Scott sent Major Thomas Jesup's 25th Infantry, about 380 men, round the British left by a disused track towards a river landing. Jesup surprised the light company of the 8th Foot and the Incorporated Militia and drove them back. Captain Ketchum's company caught Riall, wounded in the arm, near the Portage Road; Merritt of the dragoons was also taken. To cover his flank Drummond pulled his centre back, leaving the guns exposed on the crest.\n\n**Brown arrives (nightfall, about 21:00).** Brown came up with Ripley's and Porter's brigades and relieved Scott's men. He ordered Lieutenant Colonel James Miller to take the guns with the 21st Infantry. Miller replied, \"I'll try, sir.\" In the dark his men advanced to within a few yards of the battery, fired a volley and charged with the bayonet. They took the guns and drove the British centre off the hill. Hercules Scott's tired column, arriving after a long detour through Queenston, stumbled into Ripley's brigade in the dark and was thrown back, losing three 6-pounders. Brown brought his own guns up onto the crest beside the captured ones.\n\n**The counter-attacks (to midnight).** Drummond, wounded in the neck, rebuilt his line from a mixture of units and attacked to retake the guns. The first attack, in line, came on without skirmishers and was beaten off after a musketry duel at a few yards' range. Before the second, Ripley steadied wavering units, and Scott led the remnant of his brigade, formed as one battalion under Major Henry Leavenworth, in an unordered attack on the British centre; it was shot to pieces, and Scott was badly wounded soon afterwards. Brown was also wounded and left the field. Shortly before midnight Drummond threw in every man he had. The fighting came to the bayonet, faces lit by musket flashes in thick smoke, but the British fell back again.\n\n**The American withdrawal (about midnight).** Both armies were spent. About 700 Americans were still in line, short of ammunition and water. Brown ordered a retreat to Chippawa; Porter and Hindman protested but obeyed, and Ripley followed. Short of draught horses, Hindman could not bring off the captured guns. He left behind one of his own howitzers with a broken carriage and lost a captured 6-pounder; a party sent back for a British 24-pounder was captured. The British were too exhausted to follow.",
  "aftermath": "Each side lost about 850–880 men killed, wounded and captured, about 1,730 in all, making Lundy's Lane the bloodiest battle of the War of 1812. Brown and Scott were both badly wounded, and Riall was a prisoner. At daybreak on 26 July Ripley went back with about 1,200 men to recover the guns, found Drummond back on the hill with about 2,200, and withdrew unmolested. The Americans fell back to Fort Erie, destroying the old British works on Chippawa Creek as they went. The British buried their own dead, burned the American bodies and stayed near Queenston until reinforced.\n\nBoth sides claimed the day. Drummond reported that the Americans had retreated in disorder; the Americans had taken the guns and held the hill until they chose to leave. The usual modern verdict is a tactical draw that went to the British strategically: Brown's army was too weak to resume the offensive. Drummond besieged Fort Erie from 4 August and was bloodily repulsed on 15–16 August, but the Americans demolished the fort and recrossed the river on 5 November, ending the last invasion of Upper Canada.\n\nMiller's reply became the motto of the 5th US Infantry, and four British regiments received the battle honour \"Niagara\". The battlefield, now built over by the city of Niagara Falls, was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1937. Drummond Hill Cemetery, where the guns stood, holds the Lundy's Lane monument of 1895.",
  "wargaming": "Lundy's Lane is a compact, brutal night battle, about 2,500 against 3,500 on a single hill, and suits battalion-level rules with ten- to fifteen-minute turns. A skirmish-scale game of Miller's storm and the first counter-attack also works.\n\nThe structure is a run of reinforcements. The game opens in daylight with Scott's lone brigade against Riall's and Morrison's men; Brown's main body and Hercules Scott's column arrive at dusk from opposite directions, and neither commander quite knows what he faces. Darkness is the central special rule: limited visibility, units that blunder into each other (as Hercules Scott did into Ripley), friendly fire, and orders that go astray. Ammunition and water for the Americans, and the shortage of horses to drag guns, should shape the end of the game.\n\nThe decisions are clear and fun to argue about. Does Scott stand in front of the guns or fall back, and does Jesup's flank march go deep enough to take Riall? Could Drummond have saved his battery with a screen of light troops, as Graves argues, or won outright by hitting the American left, as Elting suggests? What if Riall's retreat order had stood, or Brown had held the hill overnight and taken the guns away? Victory conditions should turn on who holds the crest at midnight and how many guns each side drags off.\n\nThe armies make colourful figures: British line, Glengarry fencibles, Upper Canada militia, Merritt's dragoons and Mohawk warriors against American regulars, New York and Pennsylvania volunteers and Canadian Volunteers."
 },
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Niagara Falls map.jpg",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "The Battle of Niagara Falls, as the Americans called Lundy's Lane, by Benson J. Lossing, 1869.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Battle_of_Niagara_Falls_map.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Battle_of_Niagara_Falls_map.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Niagara_Falls_map.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Benson John Lossing",
   "credit": "Wikipedia.en ( Archives of Ontario Library , Illustration Reference Code: 971.034 LOS, page 823; Originally published as \"Battle of Niagara Falls [Lundy's Lane]\" by Benson J. Lossing in The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812 (pub. 1869).)",
   "width": 499
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Lundy's Lane.jpg",
   "kind": "map",
   "caption": "Map of the Lundy's Lane battleground at 9 p.m. on 25 July 1814.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Unknown author Unknown author",
   "credit": "http://www.warof1812-bicentennial.info/imagedesc/map_of_lundys_lane_battle_grounds.php",
   "width": 620
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Lundy's Lane by Alonzo Chappel.png",
   "kind": "painting",
   "caption": "American infantry advancing into British cannon fire at Lundy's Lane, by Alonzo Chappel, 1868.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane_by_Alonzo_Chappel.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane_by_Alonzo_Chappel.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane_by_Alonzo_Chappel.png",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Alonzo Chappel",
   "credit": "https://images.ourontario.ca/1812/73718/image/189029",
   "width": 780
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Battle of Lundy’s Lane.jpg",
   "kind": "painting",
   "caption": "The Battle of Lundy's Lane, by C. W. Jefferys.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Battle_of_Lundy%E2%80%99s_Lane.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Battle_of_Lundy%E2%80%99s_Lane.jpg/960px-Battle_of_Lundy%E2%80%99s_Lane.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Lundy%E2%80%99s_Lane.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Charles William Jefferys",
   "credit": "https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/battle-of-lundys-lane-slugfest/",
   "width": 1849
  },
  {
   "file": "File:General Gordon Drummond.jpg",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "Lieutenant General Sir Gordon Drummond, by Filippo Agricola, about 1817.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/General_Gordon_Drummond.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/General_Gordon_Drummond.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:General_Gordon_Drummond.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Filippo Agricola",
   "credit": "https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/oil-on-canvas-general-gordon-drummond-39-c-dc947d39d2",
   "width": 750
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Jacob Jennings Brown (NPG).jpg",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "Major General Jacob Brown, by John Wesley Jarvis, about 1815 (National Portrait Gallery).",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Jacob_Jennings_Brown_%28NPG%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jacob_Jennings_Brown_%28NPG%29.jpg/960px-Jacob_Jennings_Brown_%28NPG%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacob_Jennings_Brown_(NPG).jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "John Wesley Jarvis",
   "credit": "https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2019.27?destination=node/63231%3Fedan_local%3D1%26edan_q%3DJohn%252BWesley%252Bjarvis",
   "width": 3285
  },
  {
   "file": "File:AR Miller James.jpg",
   "kind": "portrait",
   "caption": "James Miller, whose 21st Infantry stormed the British guns.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/AR_Miller_James.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/AR_Miller_James.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AR_Miller_James.jpg",
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "licence_url": "",
   "artist": "Unidentified painter",
   "credit": "Unknown source Unknown source",
   "width": 462
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Lundy's Lane Monument.jpg",
   "kind": "photo",
   "caption": "The Lundy's Lane monument in Drummond Hill Cemetery, Niagara Falls, in 2017.",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Lundy%27s_Lane_Monument.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Lundy%27s_Lane_Monument.jpg/960px-Lundy%27s_Lane_Monument.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lundy%27s_Lane_Monument.jpg",
   "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "artist": "Tyler Campbell",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "width": 3120
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "s1",
   "title": "Battle of Lundy's Lane",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s2",
   "title": "Lundy's Lane (American Battlefield Trust)",
   "url": "https://www.battlefields.org/learn/war-1812/battles/lundys-lane",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s3",
   "title": "Wes Turner, Battle of Lundy's Lane (The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2011, edited 2015)",
   "url": "https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/battle-of-lundys-lane",
   "kind": "article"
  },
  {
   "id": "s4",
   "title": "Battle of Lundy's Lane National Historic Site of Canada (Parks Canada, Directory of Federal Heritage Designations)",
   "url": "https://pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=428",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s5",
   "title": "J. Rickard, Battle of Lundy's Lane, 25 July 1814 (History of War, 2008)",
   "url": "https://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_lundys_lane.html",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s6",
   "title": "Siege of Fort Erie",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Erie",
   "kind": "web"
  },
  {
   "id": "s7",
   "title": "Donald E. Graves, Where Right and Glory Lead! The Battle of Lundy's Lane, 1814 (Robin Brass Studio, 1997; first published 1993)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s8",
   "title": "Richard V. Barbuto, Niagara 1814: America Invades Canada (University Press of Kansas, 2000)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  },
  {
   "id": "s9",
   "title": "John R. Elting, Amateurs, to Arms! A Military History of the War of 1812 (Algonquin, 1991; Da Capo, 1995)",
   "url": null,
   "kind": "book"
  }
 ],
 "cdb90": [
  148
 ],
 "order": 75,
 "url": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/lundys-lane/",
 "oob": [],
 "oob_lwtv": [],
 "scenarios": [],
 "orbat": null,
 "orbat_lwtv": null,
 "reading": {
  "prose": [],
  "history": [
   {
    "work_id": "ia:historyofbritish0010honj",
    "title": "A History of the British Army, vol. 10",
    "in": null,
    "author": "John William Fortescue",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1920,
    "kind": "history",
    "library": "Internet Archive",
    "url": "https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish0010honj",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/a-history-of-the-british-army-vol-10-562395/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "gutenberg:9104",
    "title": "The Naval War of 1812 Or the History of the United States Navy during the Last War with Great Britain to Which Is Appended an Account of the Battle of New Orleans",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Theodore Roosevelt",
    "life": "1858–1919",
    "year": null,
    "kind": "history",
    "library": "Project Gutenberg",
    "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9104",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/the-naval-war-of-1812-or-the-history-of-the-united-states-na-13f335/"
   }
  ],
  "fiction": [],
  "poetry": [
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:en:Lundy's Lane Battle",
    "title": "Lundy's Lane Battle",
    "in": null,
    "author": "Gordon Drummond",
    "life": null,
    "year": 1891,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lundy%27s_Lane_Battle",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": true,
    "references": 3,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/lundy-s-lane-battle-49c036/"
   },
   {
    "work_id": "wikisource:en:Scenes in my Native Land/Niagara",
    "title": "Niagara",
    "in": "Scenes in my Native Land",
    "author": "Lydia Huntley Sigourney",
    "life": null,
    "year": null,
    "kind": "poem",
    "library": "Wikisource",
    "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Scenes_in_my_Native_Land/Niagara",
    "language": "en",
    "contemporary": false,
    "subject": false,
    "references": 1,
    "page": "https://battles.georgewyrd.com/reading/niagara-661710/"
   }
  ]
 },
 "reading_lwtv": {
  "prose": [],
  "poetry": []
 },
 "photos": [
  {
   "file": "File:Important from the frontiers! (1814).jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Important_from_the_frontiers%21_%281814%29.jpg/500px-Important_from_the_frontiers%21_%281814%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Important_from_the_frontiers!_(1814).jpg",
   "caption": "A broadside from the Boston Gazette announcing an American victory on the soil of Upper Canada during the Battle of Lundy’s Lane on July 25, 1814 — described here as a “long, desperate, and most sanguinary engagement\". The battle is still regarded as the bloodiest battle of the War of 1812. Almost 2",
   "year": 1814,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Boston Gazette (Boston, Mass.)",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Lundy's Lane Battleground site.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lundy%27s_Lane_Battleground_site.jpg/500px-Lundy%27s_Lane_Battleground_site.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lundy%27s_Lane_Battleground_site.jpg",
   "caption": "A man with a horse and buggy at Lundy's Lane Battleground. Two towers rise into the sky, and the street that the buggy stands on is lined with fences. Along the bottom of the daguerreotype \"Pagoda on Lundy's Lane Battle-ground\" is inscribed. Title: Lundy's Lane Battleground site",
   "year": 1850,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Thomas Martin Easterly",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:Lundy's Lane Battleground.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lundy%27s_Lane_Battleground.jpg/500px-Lundy%27s_Lane_Battleground.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lundy%27s_Lane_Battleground.jpg",
   "caption": "View looking down towards a tower, a graveyard, and many buildings. The river is off in the distance. Inscribed along the bottom of the daguerreotype is \"Lundy's Lane Battle Field\". Title: Lundy's Lane Battleground",
   "year": 1850,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Thomas Martin Easterly",
   "collection": null
  },
  {
   "file": "File:100th Anniversary of the Battle of Lundy's Lane Parade.jpg",
   "thumb": "https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/100th_Anniversary_of_the_Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane_Parade.jpg/500px-100th_Anniversary_of_the_Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane_Parade.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail",
   "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:100th_Anniversary_of_the_Battle_of_Lundy%27s_Lane_Parade.jpg",
   "caption": "Postcard of the 100th Anniversary of the Battle of Lundy's Lane Parade - July 25, 1914 - Battle of Lundy's Lane Monument Drummond Hill Cemetery in background. Drummond Hill Cemetery is located in Niagara Falls, Ontario; it isknown as the battle grounds of the Battle of Lundy’s Lane, as well as the b",
   "year": 1914,
   "licence": "Public domain",
   "artist": "Unknown author Unknown author",
   "collection": null
  }
 ],
 "photos_kind": "paintings",
 "newspapers": {
  "slug": "lundys-lane",
  "query": "Lundy's Lane",
  "from": "1814-07-25",
  "to": "1814-10-23",
  "total": 7,
  "rights": "Library of Congress, Chronicling America: newspapers published before 1931, in the public domain. Text machine-read from the scanned page.",
  "pages": [
   {
    "date": "1814-08-04",
    "paper": "Daily national intelligencer (Washington City [D.C.])",
    "place": "Washington, District Of Columbia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83026172/1814-08-04/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... Major General Brown encamped at [[tag]]Lundy[[/tag]]’s [[tag]]Lane[[/tag]], about a mile and a half below the falls; just after sun-down the enemy were observed advancing, our army met them and a most bloody conflict ensued, which lasted an hour and a half, the combatants being the greater part ol f this time within pistol shot. After a short cessation the engagement was re newed. Gen. Ripley outflanked the ene my, charged on their rear and took six pieces of cannon. They receivhd a re inforcement and re-took them, and our army took them a second time. The battle lasted nearly the whole night.— On Tuesday morning Gen. Riall and his staff, and seven hundred of his ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1814-08-06",
    "paper": "Virginia Argus (Richmond, Va.)",
    "place": "Richmond, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024710/1814-08-06/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "... Major General Brown encamped at [[tag]]Lundy[[/tag]]’s [[tag]]Lane[[/tag]], about a mile and a half below the falls; just after sun-down the enemy were observed advan cing, our army mat them and a most bloody conflict ensued, which lasted an hour and a half, the combatants being the greater part of this within pisto^ shot, After a short cassation the engagement was renewed Gen. Ripley outflanked the enemy, ch irged on their rear andViok six pieces of cannon. They received a reinforcement and re-took them, and our army took them a second time. The battle lasted nearly the whole night. On Tuesday morning Gen. Riall Sc his staff, and seven hundred of his army, sur rendered to ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1814-08-06",
    "paper": "The enquirer (Richmond, Va.)",
    "place": "Richmond, Virginia",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn84024736/1814-08-06/ed-1/?sp=3",
    "snippet": "... Major General Brown encamped at [[tag]]Lundy[[/tag]]’s [[tag]]Lane[[/tag]], about a mile And a hall below the L!’s; just alter suo-dowu th*J enemy were b.'vervcd advan cing. out* a»my met them unci a must bloody Coiia.v.t ensued, w hich lasted an hour and half, tiie combatants be ngthe greater part of tlvs time-wilhin pistol slu t. Alter a shr.rt cessation the engagement w.itrei. ••iwd. (Jen. Ripley outflanked tin- enemy, chuig«d on their rear and cook siv pieces of c.uinon. I*hey received a remfm cmimt and re took them, and our army t mk hem a second tin e. 1 he battle lasted nearly the wlnle nv '.,t. On Tuesday morning (ion. Rial! and ids st.iiF, and seven ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1814-08-22",
    "paper": "Portland gazette, and Maine advertiser (Portland, Me.)",
    "place": "Portland, Maine",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83016082/1814-08-22/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... car ry the pofmon ol [[tag]]Lundy[[/tag]]’s [[tag]]Lane[[/tag]], near the Falls of Niagara} their exertions have been crowned with complete fuccefs, by the defeat of the enemy, and his retreat to the polition of Chi pawa, with the lofs of two of his guns and an iinmcnfc number of killed and wounded, and lev* eral hundred prifonerg When ail have behaved nobly, it is unnec.fiary to hold up particular inftances ol merit in corps or individuals. 1 he Lieutenant General cannot however reiiain irom expreffiiii; in the ftrongelt manner hu admira. ion of the gallantry and fleadinefs ol the 89th regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel Mor rifon, and Majot Clifford, who ably and gallantry fupplied the Lieutenant ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1814-08-23",
    "paper": "The New Hampshire gazette (Portsmouth [N.H.])",
    "place": "Portsmouth, New Hampshire",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83025588/1814-08-23/ed-1/?sp=2",
    "snippet": "... ‘enemy to carry the position-of [[tag]]Lundy[[/tag]]’s [[tag]]Lane[[/tag]], near the Falis of Nizgdra 7 their exsrtions have been crowned with compigte success; by the defeat of the-enémy and his retreat to‘the posi tion of Chippewa, with ‘the lossof two of his guns and an immense number of Killed and Wounded, and several hundred prisoners. ‘When ali have bebaved nobly, it is unnecessa ry.to hoid up particular iustances of merit in earps or iadiviluals. The- Licutenant General cantiot hewever refrain from expressing in the strongest manner his -admiration of the gailant. ry and steacdiness of the 89th régiment uader Lieut. Col. Morrison, and Major Clifford, who ably and gallantly supplied the Licut. Colonel’s place sfter he was ..."
   },
   {
    "date": "1814-09-12",
    "paper": "Kentucky gazette ([Lexington, Ky.])",
    "place": "Lexington, Kentucky",
    "url": "https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn82014783/1814-09-12/ed-1/?sp=1",
    "snippet": "... to carry the position of [[tag]]Lundy[[/tag]]'s [[tag]]Lane[[/tag]] near the Fails of Niagara their exertions have been crowned with complete success by tlie defeat of the enemy and his retreat to the position of Chippewa with the loss of two of his guns and an immense num ber of killed and wounded end several hundred prisoners When ail have be haved nobly it is unnecessary to hold up particular instances of corps or individu als The Lt Gen cannot however re frain from expressing in the strongest mannerhis admiration of the gallantry and ateadinei of the 86th regt under It col Morrison and major Clifford who ably and gallantry supplied the Lt- Col's place after he ..."
   }
  ]
 }
}