From Manassas to Appomattox

CHAPTER II.

The War-Cloud--The Journey Northward--Appointed Brigadier-General--Report to General Beauregard--Assigned to Command at the Scene of the First Conflict--Personnel of the Confronting Forces--Description of the Field of Manassas, or Bull Run--Beauregard and McDowell of the same West Point Class--Battle of Blackburn's Ford--Early's Mistake--Under Fire of Friend and Foe 29

CHAPTER III.

BATTLE OF MANASSAS, OR BULL RUN.

CHAPTER XIII.

General Lee modifies his Order of March--Continuous Skirmishing--Cavalry Commander Stuart gets into General Pope's Head-quarters and captures his Personal Equipment--His Uniform Coat and Hat shown along the Confederate Lines--Jackson's Superb Flank Movement--Confederates capture Trains, Supplies, Munitions, and Prisoners--Hooker and Ewell at Bristoe Station-- Jackson first on the Old Field of Bull Run--Longstreet's Command joins passing Thoroughfare Gap--Pope practically throws Responsibility for Aggressive Action on McDowell--Preliminary Fighting--General Pope surprised by Jackson--Pope's Orders to Fitz-John Porter 163

CHAPTER XIV.

SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS (BULL RUN).

CHAPTER XI.

BATTLE OF MALVERN HILL.

CHAPTER X.

During this eventful day the Federals were anxiously pushing their trains to cover on the river, and before noon of July 1 all, except those of ammunition necessary for immediate use, had safely passed the field selected for their Malvern Hill battle.

CHAPTER XI.

BATTLE OF MALVERN HILL.

CHAPTER XI.

[Illustration: BATTLE OF MALVERN HILL]

CHAPTER II.

The War-Cloud--The Journey Northward--Appointed Brigadier-General--Report to General Beauregard--Assigned to Command at the Scene of the First Conflict--Personnel of the Confronting Forces--Description of the Field of Manassas, or Bull Run--Beauregard and McDowell of the same West Point Class--Battle of Blackburn's Ford--Early's Mistake--Under Fire of Friend and Foe 29

CHAPTER III.

BATTLE OF MANASSAS, OR BULL RUN.

CHAPTER XIII.

General Lee modifies his Order of March--Continuous Skirmishing--Cavalry Commander Stuart gets into General Pope's Head-quarters and captures his Personal Equipment--His Uniform Coat and Hat shown along the Confederate Lines--Jackson's Superb Flank Movement--Confederates capture Trains, Supplies, Munitions, and Prisoners--Hooker and Ewell at Bristoe Station-- Jackson first on the Old Field of Bull Run--Longstreet's Command joins passing Thoroughfare Gap--Pope practically throws Responsibility for Aggressive Action on McDowell--Preliminary Fighting--General Pope surprised by Jackson--Pope's Orders to Fitz-John Porter 163

CHAPTER XIV.

SECOND BATTLE OF MANASSAS (BULL RUN).

CHAPTER XVII.

Confederates retreat from South Mountain--Federals follow and harass them--Franklin and Cobb at Crampton's Pass--A Spirited Action--Fighting around Harper's Ferry--Its Capitulation--The Confederates take Eleven Thousand Prisoners--Jackson rejoins Lee--Description of the Field of Antietam--McClellan posts his Corps--Lee's Lines advantageously placed--Hooker's Advance on the Eve of Battle should have been resisted 227

CHAPTER XVIII.

BATTLE OF SHARPSBURG, OR ANTIETAM.

CHAPTER XIX.

BATTLE OF SHARPSBURG, OR ANTIETAM (CONTINUED).

CHAPTER XVII.

Confederates retreat from South Mountain--Federals follow and harass them--Franklin and Cobb at Crampton's Pass--A spirited Action--Fighting around Harper's Ferry--Its Capitulation--The Confederates take Eleven Thousand Prisoners--Jackson rejoins Lee--Description of the Field of Antietam--McClellan posts his Corps--Lee's Lines advantageously placed--Hooker's Advance on the Eve of Battle should have been resisted.

CHAPTER XXII.

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG.

CHAPTER XXIII.

BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG (CONTINUED).

CHAPTER XLIV.

The Battle of Fredericksburg (from the Battery on Lee's Hill) 308

CHAPTER XXI.

Under an act not long before passed by the Confederate Congress authorizing the appointment of seven lieutenant-generals, the authorities at Richmond about this time sent commissions to Lieutenant-Generals Longstreet, Polk, Holmes, Hardee, E. K. Smith, Jackson, and Pemberton, and made appointments of a number of major-generals. Under these appointments General Lee organized the Army of Northern Virginia into corps substantially as it subsequently fought the battle of Fredericksburg.[108]

CHAPTER XXIV.

Burnside's Abortive Moves--The "Mud March"--General Hooker supersedes Burnside--The Confederates strengthen their Position for the Winter--Longstreet ordered to Petersburg--Secretary of War Seddon and the Author talk of General Grant and the Confederate Situation on the Mississippi and in the West-- Longstreet makes a Radical Proposition for Confederate Concentration in Tennessee, thus to compel Grant to abandon Vicksburg--The Skilful Use of Interior Lines the Only Way of equalizing the Contest--Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee's Brilliant Achievement--Criticism--Death of "Stonewall" Jackson--The Resolve to march Northward--The Army reorganized in Three Corps--Ewell and A. P. Hill appointed Lieutenant-Generals 322

CHAPTER XXIV.

Burnside's Abortive Moves--The "Mud March"--General Hooker supersedes Burnside--The Confederates strengthen their Position for the Winter--Longstreet ordered to Petersburg--Secretary of War Seddon and the Author talk of General Grant and the Confederate Situation on the Mississippi and in the West--Longstreet makes a Radical Proposition for Confederate Concentration in Tennessee, thus to compel Grant to abandon Vicksburg--The Skilful Use of Interior Lines the Only Way of equalizing the Contest--Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee's Brilliant Achievement--Criticism--Death of "Stonewall" Jackson--The Resolve to march Northward--The Army reorganized in Three Corps--Ewell and A. P. Hill appointed Lieutenant-Generals.

CHAPTER XXIV.

As soon as the trains were safely back, we drew off, marched back to the Blackwater, and thence _en route_ for Richmond and Fredericksburg. Before we reached the former place a telegram came announcing the great battle and victory of Chancellorsville.

CHAPTER XXIV.

My march was continued, and we joined General Lee at Fredericksburg, where I found him in sadness, notwithstanding that he was contemplating his great achievement and brilliant victory of Chancellorsville, for he had met with great loss as well as great gains. The battle had cost heavily of his army, but his grief was over the severe wounding of his great lieutenant, General Thomas Jonathan Jackson, the head of the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia; cut off, too, at a moment so much needed to finish his work in the battle so handsomely begun. With a brave heart, however, General Lee was getting his ranks together, and putting them in condition for other useful work.

CHAPTER XXX.

The Author reverts to the Perils and Opportunities in the West--Proposes to the Secretary of War to reinforce against Rosecrans from the Army of Northern Virginia--Makes Plan known to General Lee--The Move finally effected--Difficulties of Transportation--A Roundabout Route--General Longstreet narrowly escapes capture when seeking Bragg's Head-quarters--General Bragg assigns Longstreet to Command of the Left--Instructions for the Battle of Chickamauga--The Armies in Position--Federals in Command of Generals Rosecrans, Crittenden, McCook, and George H. Thomas 433

CHAPTER XXXI.

BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.

CHAPTER XLIV.

Battle of Chickamauga (Confederates flanking the Union Forces) 454

CHAPTER XVIII.

The Confederates lost in killed and wounded in the Seven Days' Battle 19,739,--more, it will be observed, than at Gettysburg (15,298), though the total loss, including 5150 captured or missing, at the latter, brought the figures up to those of the former (20,614), in which the captured or missing were only 875. Our killed and wounded at Chickamauga were 16,986, but that was in two days' battle, while at Chancellorsville in three days the killed and wounded were 10,746. It is impossible to make the comparison with absolute exactness for the Confederate side, for the reason that our losses are given for the entire campaign in Maryland, instead of separately for the single great battle and several minor engagements. Thus computed they were 12,187.[64] But nearly all of these are known to have been losses at Sharpsburg, and, making proper deductions for the casualties in other actions of the campaign, the Confederate loss in this single day's fighting was still in excess of that at the _three days' fight_ at Chancellorsville (10,746), and for the single day far larger proportionally than in the two days at Chickamauga, three days at Gettysburg, or seven days on the bloody Chickahominy.