With the Russian army

END OF APRIL

1 — 40,000 of the Imperial Guards entrain on the night of the declaration of war from Petrograd, for Grodno. 2 — Germans cross frontier at Thorn. 3 — Austrians cross frontier near Lublin. 4 — Russian army mobilizes along Brest-Litovsk-Rovno Railroad. 5 — Russian army at Lublin advances to Krasnik. 6 — Samsonoff advances from line of River Narew into East Prussia. 7 — Renenkampf crosses frontier at Eydtkuhnen and wins battle of Gumbinnen, the first of the war. 8 — 250,000 German troops fall on Samsonoff at Tannenberg. 9 — The Austrians, leaving a covering force along the Gnila Lipa River, to hold the Russian advance from Tarnopol, strike with the bulk of their troops at Krasnik, and force the Russians to retreat to Lublin. 10 — Samsonoff defeated — August 28th. 11 — Pleve, with all mobilized reinforcements, advances to Chelm. 12 — Brusiloff and Rouski are sent to drive back Austrians on Gnila Lipa positions. 13 — Dimitrieff hurls back Austrians near Lemberg. 14 — Lemberg occupied by Russians — September 3d. 15 — Rouski advances from Lemberg to Rawa Ruska, the rear of the main Austrian advance. 16 — Brusiloff moves on Grodek, west of Lemberg. 17 — Austrians rush reinforcements to defeat Brusiloff. 18 — Aus- trians before Chelm turn to face Rouski at Rawa Ruska. 19 — Pleve falls on Auffen- berg in the rear. 20 — Brusiloff attacks at Grodek. 21 — Austrian army at Grodek retreats to Carpathians ; that at Lublin retires to Cracow. 22 — Auffenberg, caught between Pleve and Brusiloff, falls. 23 — Przemysl invested by Russians. 24 — Ren- enkampf, meanwhile, advances through East Prussia to beyond Konigsberg. - Hindenburg turns victorious army of Tannenberg against Renenkampf, in an effort to pin him against the Baltic Sea. 26 — Renenkampf, however, retreats safely to Suwalki.

WITH THE RUSSIAN ARMY

General Samsonoff had succeeded in his object in causing a diversion from the west- ern front, but in doing so he had advanced ahead of Renenkampf. His four corps were attacked by Hindenburg between Allenstein and Tannenberg with double his forces and were overwhelmed on the 28th August.

MILITARY HISTORY 125

Renenkampf was quick in retreat, as in advance, and the German soldiers were ex- hausted after their forced marches through Belgium and their fighting at Allenstein. Renenkampf was able to establish a flank guard near Korschen and to retreat to the fortress of Suwalki, losing a portion of the

MILITARY HISTORY 125

Of these manoeuvres and battles the west- ern public has heard little beyond the actual fight of Tannenberg. To be sure, judged by the standard of other wars, it is one of the most complete victories in history, but as a fragment of the strategy of this great cam- paign it assumes a different aspect.

ON THE RAWKA BATTLE LINE 89

Ivan Ivanovitch had survived the fifty days' butchery from Lodz to Warsaw and back to the Rawka to fall before a sniper's bullet.

MILITARY HISTORY 127

1 — Russian field army advances to line between Dukla Pass and Tarnow. 2 — Hindenburg, leaving 4 corps before Renenkampf at Suwalki, moves with 6 corps through Silesia. 3 — Russians remove 3 armies nearest Tarnow and rush them to Lublin- Warsaw line. 4 — Hindenburg forces 3 corps upon Warsaw, and 3 upon Ivan- gorod. 5 — Siberian troops arrive and save Warsaw. 6 — Hindenburg defeated and repulsed before Warsaw. 7 — Hindenburg retreats to Rawka River, drawing Russians after him. 8 — Then taking force before Ivangorod, he hurls them at pur- suing Russian flank. 9 — Austrians arrive too late to occupy trenches left by Germans. 10 — Hindenburg again defeated. 11 — Hindenburg retires to line between Cracow and Kalisz, and Austrians retreat over Carpathians. 12 — Przemysl, relieved in the advance, re-invested by Russians. 13 — Russians debouch from Lodz upon Cracow and Silesia. 14 — Sievers moves from Augustowo into East Prussia. 15 — Hinden- burg, leaving Austrians to attack front, dashes from Thorn upon Russian flank. Rus- sians repulsed. 16 — Renenkampf driven into Warsaw, and army at Lodz out- flanked on both flanks. 17 — PI eve rushes reinforcements. 18 — Renenkampf, from Warsaw, falls on German left flank. 19 — Troops rushed from France by Hinden- burg arrive too late to affect Russian victory at Lodz, but attack near Lowicz. 20 — Rouski, commanding this front, considers his line strategically weak, so with- draws to positions along Bzura, Rawka, and Nida rivers. 21 — Austrians attack Russians in Galicia, but are repulsed. 22 — Sievers invades East Prussia to a line between the Mazurian Lakes and the Kuriches Haff ,

MILITARY HISTORY 131

Leaving the Austrians to engage with the front of the Russian advance, Field Marshal Hindenburg concentrated his troops near Thorn and struck for the Russian right flank, which extended as far north as Warta. This flank was immediately drawn back, and one flank had reached Lodz and faced north by

MILITARY HISTORY 133

During the battles around Lodz, the Aus- trians had attacked in the Carpathians. They were driven back, leaving 50,000 pris- oners.